Hyphenation ofself-sufficientness
Syllable Division:
self-suf-fi-cient-ness
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˌselfsəˈfɪʃəntnəs/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00010
Primary stress falls on the fourth syllable ('cient'). The first and third syllables have secondary stress.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset 's', nucleus 'e', coda 'lf'
Open syllable, onset 's', nucleus 'ʌ', coda 'f'
Open syllable, onset 'f', nucleus 'ɪ'
Closed syllable, onset 'ʃ', nucleus 'ɪ', coda 'ənt'
Open syllable, onset 'n', nucleus 'ə', coda 's'
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: self
Old English, reflexive pronoun
Root: sufficient
Latin *sufficiens*, meaning adequate
Suffix: ness
Old English, forms a noun denoting a state or quality
The state or quality of being able to provide for oneself without needing help from others.
Examples:
"Her self-sufficientness allowed her to live comfortably alone."
"The community valued self-sufficientness in its members."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar structure with a suffix '-ness'.
Similar structure with a prefix and suffix.
Similar structure with a suffix '-ness'.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime Division
Syllables are divided between the onset (initial consonants) and the rime (vowel and any following consonants).
Vowel-Centric Division
Each syllable must contain a vowel sound (nucleus).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The pronunciation of the 't' in 'sufficient' is a potential regional variation.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of English pronunciation.
Summary:
The word 'self-sufficientness' is divided into five syllables: self-suf-fi-cient-ness. It consists of the prefix 'self-', the root 'sufficient', and the suffix '-ness'. The primary stress falls on the fourth syllable ('cient'). The syllabification follows standard English phonological rules, dividing the word based on vowel sounds and consonant clusters.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "self-sufficientness" (English (GB))
1. Pronunciation: The word is pronounced /ˌselfsəˈfɪʃəntnəs/ in General British English.
2. Syllable Division: self-suf-fi-cient-ness
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: self- (Old English) - reflexive pronoun, indicating the action is performed by the subject.
- Root: sufficient (Latin sufficiens - "enough") - meaning adequate or capable.
- Suffix: -ness (Old English) - forms a noun denoting a state or quality.
4. Stress Identification: The primary stress falls on the fourth syllable: /ˌselfsəˈfɪʃəntnəs/.
5. Phonetic Transcription: /ˌselfsəˈfɪʃəntnəs/
6. Edge Case Review: The sequence "fɪʃ" can sometimes be pronounced as /fɪʃ/ or /fɪʃə/, but the standard pronunciation in GB English is /fɪʃ/. The 't' in 'sufficient' is often a flap [ɾ] in American English, but remains /t/ in GB English.
7. Grammatical Role: The word functions solely as a noun. There are no syllable or stress shifts based on grammatical function.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: The state or quality of being able to provide for oneself without needing help from others.
- Grammatical Category: Noun
- Synonyms: independence, self-reliance, autonomy
- Antonyms: dependence, reliance
- Examples: "Her self-sufficientness allowed her to live comfortably alone." "The community valued self-sufficientness in its members."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- Happiness: hap-pi-ness - Similar structure with a suffix '-ness'. Stress falls on the second syllable.
- Independence: in-de-pen-dence - Similar structure with a prefix and suffix. Stress falls on the third syllable.
- Effectiveness: ef-fec-tive-ness - Similar structure with a suffix '-ness'. Stress falls on the third syllable.
The differences in stress placement are due to the length and complexity of the root word. "Self-sufficient" is a longer and more complex root than "happy," "independent," or "effective," leading to the stress shifting to the fourth syllable.
Detailed Syllable Analysis:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Description | Rule Applied | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| self | /self/ | Open syllable, onset 's', nucleus 'e', coda 'lf' | Onset-Rime division, Consonant Cluster simplification (lf) | |
| suf | /sʌf/ | Open syllable, onset 's', nucleus 'ʌ', coda 'f' | Onset-Rime division | |
| fi | /fɪ/ | Open syllable, onset 'f', nucleus 'ɪ' | Onset-Rime division | |
| cient | /ˈʃɪənt/ | Closed syllable, onset 'ʃ', nucleus 'ɪ', coda 'ənt' | Onset-Rime division, complex coda | |
| ness | /nəs/ | Open syllable, onset 'n', nucleus 'ə', coda 's' | Onset-Rime division |
Syllable Division Rules Applied:
- Onset-Rime Division: Syllables are divided between the onset (initial consonants) and the rime (vowel and any following consonants).
- Vowel-Centric Division: Each syllable must contain a vowel sound (nucleus).
- Consonant Cluster Simplification: Consonant clusters are sometimes simplified at syllable boundaries, but not in this case.
- Maximizing Onset Principle: Consonants are assigned to the onset of the following syllable if possible.
Special Considerations:
- The word's length and complex morphology require careful consideration of syllable boundaries.
- The pronunciation of the 't' in 'sufficient' is a potential regional variation.
- The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables (e.g., 'sə') is a common feature of English pronunciation.
Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the provided IPA transcription represents standard GB English, slight variations in vowel quality and stress intensity may occur depending on regional accents.
Division Rules:
The syllable division rules are consistent with standard English phonological principles.
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