Hyphenation ofshort-windedness
Syllable Division:
short-wind-ed-ness
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ʃɔːtˈwɪndɪdnəs/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0010
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('ed'), indicated by '1'. The other syllables are unstressed ('0').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, long vowel, unstressed.
Open syllable, short vowel, unstressed.
Closed syllable, short vowel, stressed.
Closed syllable, schwa vowel, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: short
Old English, descriptive adjective
Root: wind
Old English *windan* - to breathe
Suffix: edness
Combination of past participle marker '-ed' and noun-forming suffix '-ness'
The state of being easily out of breath; lack of stamina.
Examples:
"The runner's short-windedness became apparent during the final sprint."
"His short-windedness was a concern for the doctor."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Maximize Onsets
Syllable division aims to create syllables with maximal consonant clusters at the beginning.
Vowel-Consonant Division
Syllables are generally divided after vowels, especially when followed by consonants.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The pronunciation of the '-ed' suffix can vary.
The compound nature of the word requires careful consideration of morphemic boundaries.
Summary:
The word 'short-windedness' is divided into four syllables: short-wind-ed-ness. The primary stress falls on 'ed'. It's a noun formed from the prefix 'short-', root 'wind-', and suffixes '-ed' and '-ness'. Syllable division follows the principles of maximizing onsets and dividing after vowels.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "short-windedness" (English (GB))
1. Pronunciation: The word "short-windedness" is pronounced /ʃɔːtˈwɪndɪdnəs/ in General British English.
2. Syllable Division: The syllable division, adhering to the rule of maximizing onsets, is: short-wind-ed-ness.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: short- (Old English, descriptive adjective) - modifies the root, indicating a limited capacity.
- Root: wind- (Old English windan - to wind, breathe) - relates to breath.
- Suffix: -ed (Old English -ed - past tense/participle marker) - forms the past participle, functioning adjectivally here.
- Suffix: -ness (Old English -nes - noun-forming suffix) - creates a noun denoting a state or quality.
4. Stress Identification: The primary stress falls on the third syllable: /ʃɔːtˈwɪndɪdnəs/.
5. Phonetic Transcription: /ʃɔːtˈwɪndɪdnəs/
6. Edge Case Review: The sequence "-wind-" can sometimes be pronounced with a diphthong /aɪ/ in some dialects, but the /ɪ/ vowel is standard in GB English. The "-ed" suffix is often reduced to /d/ or /t/ depending on the preceding sound, but here it retains its full vowel due to the stress on the syllable.
7. Grammatical Role: "Short-windedness" functions solely as a noun. There are no shifts in syllabification or stress if the word were to hypothetically function as another part of speech.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: The state of being easily out of breath; lack of stamina.
- Grammatical Category: Noun
- Synonyms: breathlessness, dyspnea, exhaustion
- Antonyms: stamina, endurance, vigor
- Examples: "The runner's short-windedness became apparent during the final sprint." "His short-windedness was a concern for the doctor."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- "happiness": hap-pi-ness. Similar structure with a suffix "-ness". Stress falls on the second syllable.
- "kindness": kind-ness. Similar structure with a suffix "-ness". Stress falls on the first syllable.
- "coldness": cold-ness. Similar structure with a suffix "-ness". Stress falls on the first syllable.
The difference in stress placement in "short-windedness" is due to the length and complexity of the root "wind-ed" which attracts the stress. The other words have simpler roots.
Detailed Syllable Analysis:
- short: /ʃɔːt/ - Open syllable, containing a long vowel sound. Syllable division rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s). Potential exception: The 'r' sound can sometimes influence vowel length, but it doesn't change the syllable division here.
- wind: /wɪnd/ - Open syllable, containing a short vowel sound. Syllable division rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s). Potential exception: None.
- ed: /ˈɪd/ - Closed syllable, containing a short vowel sound. Syllable division rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s). Potential exception: The 'ed' suffix can be pronounced /t/ or /d/ depending on the preceding sound.
- ness: /nəs/ - Closed syllable, containing a schwa vowel sound. Syllable division rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s). Potential exception: None.
Exceptions/Special Cases:
- The compound nature of the word (short + wind + ed + ness) requires careful consideration of morphemic boundaries when determining syllable divisions.
- The pronunciation of the "-ed" suffix can vary, but the full vowel form is standard in stressed syllables.
Division Rules Applied:
- Maximize Onsets: The syllable division aims to create syllables with maximal onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable).
- Vowel-Consonant Division: Syllables are generally divided after vowels, especially when followed by consonants.
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