Hyphenation ofneurasthéniques
Syllable Division:
neu-ras-thé-ni-ques
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/nø.ʁas.te.nik/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
01001
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('thé'), as is typical in French when the final syllable contains a schwa or is silent.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, vowel-consonant.
Open syllable, consonant-vowel-consonant.
Open syllable, consonant-vowel.
Open syllable, vowel-consonant.
Closed syllable, consonant-vowel-consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: neur-
From Greek *neuron* meaning 'nerve'.
Root: asthén-
From Greek *asthenes* meaning 'weakness'.
Suffix: -iques
Adjectival suffix, from Latin *-icus* and French *-ique*, plural masculine form.
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.
Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.
Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant Division
Syllables are typically divided after vowels.
Consonant After Vowel
A consonant following a vowel usually begins a new syllable.
Avoid Stranded Consonants
Consonants are not left alone to form a syllable unless they are followed by a vowel.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The 'nr' cluster is a permissible consonant cluster at the beginning of a syllable.
The final 's' is silent in pronunciation but is included in the syllable for orthographic accuracy.
Summary:
The word 'neurasthéniques' is an adjective of Greek and Latin origin. It is divided into five syllables: neu-ras-thé-ni-ques, with stress on the penultimate syllable. Syllable division follows standard French rules prioritizing vowel sounds and avoiding stranded consonants, with the 'nr' cluster being a notable exception.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "neurasthéniques" (French)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "neurasthéniques" is a French adjective meaning "neurasthenic." It's pronounced with a relatively even stress distribution, though the final syllable receives a slight emphasis. The 'r' is a uvular fricative, typical of French.
2. Syllable Division:
Following French syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel sounds and avoid stranded consonants, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: neur- (from Greek neuron meaning "nerve") - indicates a relation to the nervous system.
- Root: asthén- (from Greek asthenes meaning "weakness") - denotes weakness or lack of strength.
- Suffix: -iques (from Latin -icus and French -ique) - adjectival suffix, forming an adjective. The final -s indicates plural masculine form.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: né-u-ras-thé-niques. French stress is generally on the last syllable unless it's a schwa (e), in which case it falls on the penultimate syllable.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/nø.ʁas.te.nik/
6. Edge Case Review:
French syllabification generally avoids consonant clusters at the beginning of syllables. However, the 'nr' cluster is permissible, and the 'st' cluster is also common. The vowel 'e' is often a schwa, but in this case, it's pronounced as a closed 'e' due to the stress.
7. Grammatical Role:
"Neurasthéniques" is primarily an adjective. As an adjective, the stress pattern remains consistent. It can modify masculine plural nouns.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to or suffering from neurasthenia, a condition characterized by fatigue, weakness, and emotional exhaustion.
- Translation: Neurasthenic
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: affaibli (weakened), épuisé (exhausted), las (weary)
- Antonyms: énergique (energetic), vigoureux (vigorous)
- Examples: "Les patients neurasthéniques avaient besoin de repos." (The neurasthenic patients needed rest.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- pathologique: pa-tho-lo-gi-que - Similar syllable structure, with vowel-consonant alternation. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- psychologique: psy-cho-lo-gi-que - Similar syllable structure, with vowel-consonant alternation. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- astronomique: as-tro-no-mi-que - Similar syllable structure, with vowel-consonant alternation. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
The consistency in stress placement (penultimate syllable) across these words highlights the typical stress pattern in French adjectives and nouns ending in "-ique."
Detailed Syllable Analysis:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Description | Rule Applied | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| neu | /nø/ | Open syllable, vowel-consonant | Vowel-consonant division | None |
| ras | /ʁas/ | Open syllable, consonant-vowel-consonant | Consonant after vowel, forms a syllable | None |
| thé | /te/ | Open syllable, consonant-vowel | Vowel-consonant division | None |
| ni | /ni/ | Open syllable, vowel-consonant | Vowel-consonant division | None |
| ques | /kə/ | Closed syllable, consonant-vowel-consonant | Consonant after vowel, forms a syllable | The final 's' is silent in pronunciation, but included in the syllable for orthographic accuracy. |
Division Rules Applied:
- Vowel-Consonant Division: Syllables are typically divided after vowels.
- Consonant After Vowel: A consonant following a vowel usually begins a new syllable.
- Avoid Stranded Consonants: Consonants are not left alone to form a syllable unless they are followed by a vowel.
Special Considerations:
The 'nr' cluster is a common exception to the rule of avoiding consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable. The final 's' is silent in pronunciation but is included in the syllable for orthographic accuracy.
Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is /nø.ʁas.te.nik/, some regional variations might exhibit a slightly more pronounced 'e' in "thé," but the syllable division remains consistent.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.