Hyphenation ofperfectionnisme

Linguistic Analysis of "perfectionnisme" (French)

1. Pronunciation Examination:

The word "perfectionnisme" is pronounced with a relatively consistent phonetic structure, though the final 'e' is silent. The stress falls on the penultimate syllable.

2. Syllable Division:

The syllable division, adhering to French syllabification rules, is as follows (using only original letters): per-fec-tion-nis-me

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: per- (Latin per- meaning "thoroughly," "completely"). Function: Intensifier.
• Root: fection (from Latin facere "to make," related to factum "thing made"). Function: Core meaning related to making or doing.
• Suffix: -tion (Latin -tio). Function: Nominalization, creating a noun from a verb.
• Suffix: -nisme (French suffix, ultimately from Greek ismos). Function: Creates a noun denoting a doctrine, practice, or quality.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: per-fec-tion-nis-me.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/pɛʁ.fɛk.sjɔ̃.nis.mə/

6. Edge Case Review:

French syllabification generally avoids leaving a single consonant between vowels. This rule is followed here. The nasal vowel /ɔ̃/ in "tion" is a typical feature of French and doesn't present a syllabification challenge.

7. Grammatical Role:

"Perfectionnisme" is primarily a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical context, as it is not inflected.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: The quality or state of being a perfectionist; a tendency to demand perfection of oneself and others.
• Translation: Perfectionism
• Grammatical Category: Noun (masculine)
• Synonyms: Exigence, rigueur, scrupulosité
• Antonyms: Laisser-aller, négligence
• Examples:
  • "Son perfectionnisme l'empêche de terminer ses projets." (His perfectionism prevents him from finishing his projects.)
  • "Le perfectionnisme peut être une source de stress." (Perfectionism can be a source of stress.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• optimisme: op-ti-mis-me. Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• capitalisme: ca-pi-ta-lis-me. Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• matérialisme: ma-té-ria-lis-me. Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.

The consistent stress pattern on the penultimate syllable in these words is typical for French nouns ending in "-isme". The presence of consonant clusters doesn't alter the basic syllabification rules.

10. Syllable Analysis Breakdown:

• per: /pɛʁ/ - Open syllable, initial consonant cluster /pʁ/. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless they are unpronounceable.
• fec: /fɛk/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
• tion: /sjɔ̃/ - Closed syllable, containing a nasal vowel. Rule: Nasal vowels form a single syllable.
• nis: /nis/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
• me: /mə/ - Closed syllable, final silent 'e'. Rule: Final silent 'e' does not create a separate syllable.

11. Division Rules Applied:

• Vowel Nucleus Rule: Each syllable must contain a vowel nucleus.
• Consonant Cluster Rule: Consonant clusters are maintained within a syllable unless they are unpronounceable.
• Final Silent 'e' Rule: Final silent 'e' does not create a separate syllable.
• Nasal Vowel Rule: Nasal vowels form a single syllable.

12. Special Considerations:

The word follows standard French syllabification rules without significant exceptions. The presence of the Latinate suffixes is common in French and doesn't introduce any unusual syllabic behavior.

13. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

There are no significant regional variations in the pronunciation or syllabification of "perfectionnisme."