Hyphenation ofproportionnellement

Analysis of "proportionnellement"

1. Pronunciation: The word is pronounced /pʁɔ.pɔʁ.sjɔ.nɛl.mɑ̃/.

2. Syllable Division: pro-por-tion-nel-le-ment

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: pro- (Latin, meaning "for," "in favor of," or "forward") - functions as an intensifier or indicates direction.
• Root: portion- (Latin portio, meaning "part," "share," or "allotment") - denotes a part or ratio.
• Suffixes:
  • -tion- (Latin, nominalizing suffix, forming a noun from a verb) - creates a noun.
  • -nel- (French, adjectival suffix, derived from Latin -alis) - forms an adjective.
  • -le- (French, adjectival suffix, indicates gender and number) - part of the adjective formation.
  • -ment- (Latin mentem, accusative of mens, meaning "mind," but in French functions as an adverbial suffix) - transforms the adjective into an adverb.

4. Stress Identification: The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: /pʁɔ.pɔʁ.sjɔ.nɛl.ˈmɑ̃/.

5. Phonetic Transcription: /pʁɔ.pɔʁ.sjɔ.nɛl.mɑ̃/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

• pro- /pʁɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: French syllables generally end in a vowel. No consonant clusters impede syllable division.
• por- /pɔʁ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant following a vowel initiates a new syllable.
• tion- /sjɔ̃/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster /sjɔ̃/ is treated as a single unit within the syllable.
• nel- /nɛl/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant following a vowel initiates a new syllable.
• le- /lə/ - Open syllable. Rule: French syllables generally end in a vowel.
• ment /mɑ̃/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant following a vowel initiates a new syllable. Nasal vowel /ɑ̃/ forms the syllable nucleus.

7. Exceptions/Special Cases: The sequence "tion" is a common feature in French and is treated as a single unit for syllabification purposes. The nasal vowel /ɑ̃/ in "ment" is a typical French feature and doesn't affect the syllabic division.

8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification: "proportionnellement" functions primarily as an adverb. The syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical role.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: In a proportional manner; proportionally.
• Translation: Proportionally
• Grammatical Category: Adverb
• Synonyms: proportionnellement, en proportion
• Antonyms: disproportionnellement
• Examples:
  • "Les coûts augmentent proportionnellement à la production." (The costs increase proportionally to production.)
  • "La dose doit être ajustée proportionnellement au poids du patient." (The dose must be adjusted proportionally to the patient's weight.)

10. Regional Variations: Pronunciation of the /ʁ/ sound (uvular fricative) can vary regionally (e.g., Parisian vs. Southern French). However, this doesn't significantly alter the syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• "particulièrement" (par-ti-cu-liè-re-ment) - Similar structure with multiple suffixes. Syllabification follows the same rules.
• "généralement" (gé-né-ra-le-ment) - Similar structure with multiple suffixes. Syllabification follows the same rules.
• "actuellement" (ac-tu-el-le-ment) - Similar structure with multiple suffixes. Syllabification follows the same rules.

The consistency in syllabification across these words demonstrates the application of standard French syllabic division rules based on vowel-consonant boundaries and suffixation.