Hyphenation ofsous-tendisses
Syllable Division:
sous-ten-dis-ses
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/su.tɑ̃.dis.sɛs/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0001
The primary stress falls on the final syllable 'ses'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, containing a vowel.
Nasal vowel, closed syllable.
Open syllable, containing a vowel.
Closed syllable, stressed syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: sous-
Latin sub-, meaning 'under, below'. Adverbial prefix.
Root: tend-
Latin tendere, meaning 'to stretch, extend'. Verb stem.
Suffix: -dis-ses
Imperfect subjunctive marker and 2nd person plural ending. Derived from Latin -de- and -tis.
The 2nd person plural imperfect subjunctive of the verb 'sous-tendre'.
Translation: you (plural) would underlie/support
Examples:
"Si vous sous-tendiez ses efforts, il réussirait."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar prefix and root structure, both verbs.
Similar prefix and root structure, both nouns.
Shares the root 'tend-', demonstrating how syllable division changes without the prefix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
French prefers to maximize consonant onsets at the beginning of syllables.
Avoid Stranded Consonants
Consonants are generally not left at the end of a syllable unless necessary due to morphemic boundaries.
Prefix/Root Boundary
Syllable division often occurs at the boundary between a prefix and a root.
Vowel Grouping
Vowel groups are generally kept together within a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The imperfect subjunctive form is relatively rare in modern spoken French.
Potential slight reduction of the nasal vowel /ɑ̃/ in some regional accents.
Summary:
The word 'sous-tendisses' is syllabified as 'sous-ten-dis-ses' based on French phonological rules, maximizing onsets and respecting morphemic boundaries. It's the 2nd person plural imperfect subjunctive of 'sous-tendre', with stress on the final syllable.
Detailed Analysis:
Analysis of "sous-tendisses"
1. Pronunciation: The word "sous-tendisses" is pronounced /su.tɑ̃.dis/ (with variations depending on regional accents).
2. Syllable Division: The syllable division, adhering to the rule of maximizing onsets and avoiding stranded consonants, is: sous-ten-dis-ses.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: sous- (Latin sub- meaning "under, below"). Function: adverbial prefix.
- Root: tend- (Latin tendere meaning "to stretch, extend"). Function: verb stem.
- Suffix: -dis- (from Latin -de- used to form the imperfect subjunctive). Function: imperfect subjunctive marker.
- Suffix: -ses (from Latin -tis). Function: 2nd person plural imperfect subjunctive ending.
4. Stress Identification: The primary stress falls on the final syllable: /su.tɑ̃.dis.sɛs/.
5. Phonetic Transcription: /su.tɑ̃.dis.sɛs/
6. Edge Case Review: French syllabification generally avoids consonant clusters at the beginning of syllables. However, liaison can occur, affecting pronunciation but not necessarily syllabification. The 's' at the end of 'sous' and the 't' at the beginning of 'tend' are adjacent, but are treated as separate syllables due to the prefix/root boundary.
7. Grammatical Role: "sous-tendisses" is the 2nd person plural imperfect subjunctive of the verb "sous-tendre" (to underlie, to support). The syllabification remains consistent regardless of the verb's conjugation.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: The 2nd person plural imperfect subjunctive of the verb "sous-tendre". It implies a hypothetical or conditional support or underlying.
- Translation: "you (plural) would underlie/support"
- Grammatical Category: Verb (imperfect subjunctive)
- Synonyms: (depending on context) "vous soutiendriez", "vous appuieriez"
- Antonyms: (depending on context) "vous contredirez", "vous affaibliriez"
- Example Usage: "Si vous sous-tendiez ses efforts, il réussirait." (If you supported his efforts, he would succeed.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- "sous-entends" (I understand): sous-en-tends. Similar structure with a prefix and root, stress on the final syllable.
- "sous-marine" (submarine): sous-ma-rine. Prefix + root, stress on the final syllable.
- "tendances" (trends): ten-dan-ces. Root + suffix, stress on the penultimate syllable. The difference in stress is due to the absence of the prefix and the different suffix structure.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Onset Maximization: French prefers to maximize onsets (consonant sounds at the beginning of a syllable).
- Rule 2: Avoid Stranded Consonants: Consonants are generally not left at the end of a syllable unless necessary due to morphemic boundaries.
- Rule 3: Prefix/Root Boundary: Syllable division often occurs at the boundary between a prefix and a root.
- Rule 4: Vowel Grouping: Vowel groups are generally kept together within a syllable.
11. Special Considerations: The imperfect subjunctive form is relatively rare in modern spoken French, which might lead to some pronunciation variations. However, the syllabification remains consistent.
12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations: While the standard pronunciation is /su.tɑ̃.dis.sɛs/, some speakers might slightly reduce the nasal vowel /ɑ̃/. This doesn't affect the syllabification.
13. Short Analysis: "sous-tendisses" is a complex verb form with a prefix, root, and two suffixes. Syllabification follows French rules of maximizing onsets and respecting morphemic boundaries, resulting in "sous-ten-dis-ses". Stress falls on the final syllable.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.