Hyphenation ofsténographiées

Analysis of "sténographiées"

1. Pronunciation Considerations:

The word "sténographiées" is a feminine plural past participle of the verb "sténographier". Pronunciation involves nasal vowels, liaison possibilities, and a final schwa that may be elided in rapid speech.

2. Syllable Division:

Following French syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel sounds and avoid breaking consonant clusters unless they are complex, the word divides as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: sténo- (from Greek stenos meaning "narrow, constricted") - indicates a shortened or abbreviated form.
• Root: graph- (from Greek grapho meaning "to write") - relating to writing.
• Suffix: -iées (feminine plural past participle ending, derived from Latin -atae) - indicates feminine plural past participle form.

4. Stress Identification:

In French, stress generally falls on the last syllable of a word or phrase. However, in polysyllabic words, the stress is less prominent than in languages like English. In this case, the stress falls on the final syllable "-ées".

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ste.no.ɡʁa.fi.je/

6. Edge Case Review:

The "ph" digraph is pronounced /f/. The nasal vowel "é" is pronounced /e/ followed by a nasal consonant. The final "-ées" is a common feminine plural past participle ending.

7. Grammatical Role:

"Sténographiées" functions primarily as a past participle, often used in compound tenses. As a past participle, the stress remains on the final syllable. If used as an adjective, the stress pattern remains the same.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Written in shorthand; abbreviated.
• Translation: Shorthanded (English)
• Grammatical Category: Past Participle / Adjective (feminine plural)
• Synonyms: abrégées, condensées
• Antonyms: détaillées, complètes
• Examples: "Les notes sténographiées étaient difficiles à déchiffrer." (The shorthand notes were difficult to decipher.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• Photographies: pho-to-gra-phies /fo.to.ɡʁa.fi/ - Similar syllable structure, with a consonant cluster at the beginning. Stress on the final syllable.
• Biographies: bi-o-gra-phies /bi.ɔ.ɡʁa.fi/ - Similar root "graphie", but with a different prefix. Stress on the final syllable.
• Stéréographie: ste-ré-o-gra-phie /ste.ʁe.o.ɡʁa.fi/ - Shares the "sté-" prefix and "-graphie" root. Stress on the penultimate syllable, differing from "sténographiées" due to the presence of the "-o-" syllable.

10. Syllable Division Rules Applied:

• Rule 1: Vowel-Based Division: Syllables are generally formed around vowel sounds.
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Handling: Consonant clusters are kept together within a syllable unless they are complex or interrupt a vowel sequence.
• Rule 3: Final Syllable Stress: French generally stresses the final syllable.

11. Special Considerations:

The "ph" digraph is a common exception, pronounced as /f/. The nasal vowel "é" requires careful consideration. The final schwa "-ées" can be elided in rapid speech, but it remains a distinct syllable for syllabification purposes.