Hyphenation ofsurmultipliées
Syllable Division:
sur-mul-ti-pli-ées
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/syʁ.my.l.ti.pli.e/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('pli') in 'surmultipliées'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, contains a consonant cluster.
Open syllable, vowel following a consonant.
Open syllable, vowel following a consonant.
Closed syllable, final syllable with a silent 's'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: sur-
Latin origin, intensifying prefix meaning 'over'.
Root: multipli-
Latin origin, from 'multiplicare' meaning 'to multiply'.
Suffix: -ées
French suffix, feminine plural past participle ending.
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure with alternating open and closed syllables.
Shares the root 'multipli-' and similar stress pattern.
Similar syllable structure with alternating open and closed syllables.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus Rule
Each syllable must contain a vowel nucleus.
Consonant-Vowel Rule
Consonants generally follow vowels to form syllables.
Open/Closed Syllable Rule
Syllables can be open (ending in a vowel) or closed (ending in a consonant).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The silent 's' at the end of the word does not affect syllabification but is a characteristic of French orthography.
Liaison does not affect the syllabification of the word itself, but it would occur in connected speech.
Summary:
The word 'surmultipliées' is divided into five syllables: sur-mul-ti-pli-ées. It consists of the prefix 'sur-', the root 'multipli-', and the suffix '-ées'. The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. Syllabification follows the vowel nucleus and consonant-vowel rules, typical of French phonology.
Detailed Analysis:
Analysis of "surmultipliées"
1. Pronunciation: The word "surmultipliées" is pronounced /syʁ.my.l.ti.pli.e/.
2. Syllable Division: sur-mul-ti-pli-ées
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: sur- (Latin, meaning "over," "above," intensifying) - prefix
- Root: multipli- (Latin multiplicare, meaning "to multiply") - root
- Suffix: -ées (French, feminine plural past participle ending) - suffix. Derived from Latin -tas and the feminine plural agreement marker.
4. Stress Identification: The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: /syʁ.my.l.ti.pli.ˈe/.
5. Phonetic Transcription: /syʁ.my.l.ti.pli.e/
6. Edge Case Review: French syllable structure generally favors open syllables (ending in a vowel). The final "-ées" creates a closed syllable, but this is common with inflectional endings.
7. Grammatical Role: "Surmultipliées" is the feminine plural past participle of the verb "surmultiplier". As a past participle, it can function as an adjective or be used in compound tenses. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical function.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Multiplied beyond the usual extent; greatly multiplied.
- Translation: Overmultiplied (English)
- Grammatical Category: Adjective/Past Participle (feminine plural)
- Synonyms: Exagérées, accrues (exaggerated, increased)
- Antonyms: Réduites, diminuées (reduced, diminished)
- Examples:
- "Les dépenses ont été surmultipliées." (The expenses were greatly multiplied.)
- "Les bénéfices ont été surmultipliés grâce à la nouvelle stratégie." (The profits were greatly multiplied thanks to the new strategy.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- "simplicité" (sim-pli-ci-té): Similar syllable structure with alternating open and closed syllables. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- "multiples" (mul-ti-pl(ə)s): Shares the root "multipli-". Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- "complexité" (com-ple-xi-té): Similar syllable structure with alternating open and closed syllables. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
The consistent stress pattern on the penultimate syllable in these words reflects a common characteristic of French phonology. The presence of the final vowel in "surmultipliées" versus the schwa in "multiples" affects the final syllable's openness, but the overall syllabic structure remains comparable.
Detailed Syllable Analysis:
- sur: /syʁ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters impede syllable division.
- mul: /myl/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant following a vowel forms a syllable.
- ti: /ti/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel following a consonant forms a syllable.
- pli: /pli/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel following a consonant forms a syllable.
- ées: /e/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s) forms a syllable. The final "s" is silent but influences the syllable structure.
Exceptions/Special Cases:
- The silent "s" at the end of the word doesn't affect the syllabification, but it's a characteristic of French orthography that needs consideration.
- Liaison (linking of final consonants to initial vowels) doesn't affect the syllabification of the word itself, but it would occur in connected speech.
Division Rules Applied:
- Vowel Nucleus Rule: Each syllable must contain a vowel nucleus.
- Consonant-Vowel Rule: Consonants generally follow vowels to form syllables.
- Open/Closed Syllable Rule: Syllables can be open (ending in a vowel) or closed (ending in a consonant).
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.