Hyphenation ofélectrophorèses

Analysis of "électrophorèses" (French)

1. Pronunciation Examination:

The word "électrophorèses" is pronounced with a relatively complex sequence of sounds, including nasal vowels and liaison possibilities. The 'ph' is pronounced /f/. The final 's' is silent, indicating a plural noun.

2. Syllable Division:

Following French syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel sounds and avoid breaking consonant clusters unless they are difficult to pronounce together, the word divides as follows (see JSON output for orthographic representation).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: électro- (Greek origin, meaning "electricity"). Morphological function: denotes relation to electricity.
• Root: phor- (Greek origin, from phorein meaning "to carry"). Morphological function: indicates a carrying or transporting process.
• Suffix: -èses (French suffix, derived from Latin -es). Morphological function: marks pluralization of a noun.

4. Stress Identification:

In French, stress typically falls on the last syllable of a word or phrase. However, in this case, the final 's' is silent, so the stress falls on the penultimate syllable: phor.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/e.lek.tʁɔ.fɔ.ʁɛz/

6. Edge Case Review:

The 'ph' digraph is a common source of pronunciation variation for learners, but is consistently /f/ in modern French. The silent 's' at the end is standard for plural nouns. The vowel sounds are relatively straightforward, though the /ɔ/ in phor can have slight regional variations.

7. Grammatical Role:

"Électrophorèses" is a feminine plural noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical context.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: A technique in biochemistry and molecular biology used to separate macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins) based on their size and charge.
• Translation: Electrophoreses (English)
• Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine, plural)
• Synonyms: None readily available as it's a technical term.
• Antonyms: None readily available as it's a technical term.
• Examples:
  • "Les électrophorèses sur gel d'agarose sont couramment utilisées en biologie moléculaire." (Electrophoreses on agarose gel are commonly used in molecular biology.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• photographie: /fɔ.tɔ.ɡʁa.fi/ - Syllables: pho-to-gra-phie. Similar structure with a 'ph' digraph and multiple syllables. Stress on the final syllable.
• téléphone: /te.le.fɔn/ - Syllables: té-lé-phone. Shares the 'ph' sound and a similar vowel structure. Stress on the final syllable.
• microscope: /mi.kʁɔ.skɔp/ - Syllables: mi-cro-scope. Demonstrates a similar pattern of consonant clusters and vowel-based syllabification. Stress on the final syllable.

The differences in syllable count are due to the varying lengths of the root and suffix components. The consistent stress on the final syllable (or penultimate if the final syllable is silent) is a key feature of French phonology.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel pronunciation (e.g., the /ɔ/ sound) might exist, but they do not significantly alter the syllabification.

11. Division Rules Applied:

• Rule 1: Vowel-Based Syllabification: Each vowel sound generally forms the nucleus of a syllable.
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Handling: Consonant clusters are maintained within a syllable unless they are exceptionally difficult to pronounce.
• Rule 3: Final Silent Consonants: Final silent consonants do not create a separate syllable.