Hyphenation ofhandtekeningenkaart

Dutch Word Analysis: handtekeningenkaart

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "handtekeningenkaart" (hand-teh-keh-nih-guhn-kahrt) is a compound noun in Dutch. It's relatively long and requires careful application of Dutch syllabification rules. The pronunciation involves a mix of vowel qualities and consonant clusters.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Dutch syllabification rules, the word is divided as follows (using only the original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• hand-: Prefix, Germanic origin, meaning "hand".
• tekening-: Root, Germanic origin, derived from "tekenen" (to draw, to sign), meaning "drawing, sign".
• -en: Suffix, Germanic origin, plural marker (in this case, forming a compound noun).
• kaart: Root, Germanic origin, meaning "card".

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: "te-keh-nih-guhn". Dutch stress is generally penultimate, but compound words can have complexities.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ɦɑn.tə.ˈkɛ.nɪ.ɣə(n).kaːrt/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• han /ɦɑn/: Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in a vowel sound. No exceptions.
• te /tə/: Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in a vowel sound. No exceptions.
• ke /kɛ/: Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in a vowel sound. No exceptions.
• ni /nɪ/: Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in a vowel sound. No exceptions.
• gen /ɣə(n)/: Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in a vowel sound. The 'g' is a voiced velar fricative. The (n) is a weak pronunciation and can be dropped in fast speech.
• kaart /kaːrt/: Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable. The 'aa' is a long vowel.

7. Edge Case Review:

The 'gen' syllable is a potential edge case due to the final 'n' which can be weakly pronounced or elided in rapid speech. However, for a formal syllabification, it's included.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is a noun. Syllabification doesn't significantly shift based on grammatical role in Dutch.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: handtekeningenkaart
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Definitions:
  • "A card for collecting autographs."
  • "Autograph card."
• Translation: Autograph card
• Synonyms: None readily available (it's a specific type of card).
• Antonyms: None applicable.
• Examples:
  • "Hij vroeg om een handtekeningenkaart." (He asked for an autograph card.)
  • "De handtekeningenkaart was vol met namen van beroemdheden." (The autograph card was full of names of celebrities.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist in Dutch, but they don't fundamentally alter the syllabification. The 'g' sound can also vary (voiced fricative vs. stop).

11. Phonological Comparison:

• voetbalwedstrijd (football match): voe-tbal-wed-strijd. Similar compound structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• televisieprogramma (television program): te-le-vi-sie-pro-gram-ma. Longer compound, stress pattern follows the general penultimate rule.
• computerprogramma (computer program): com-pu-ter-pro-gram-ma. Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.

The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the varying lengths of the root words and the presence of different consonant clusters. The core principle of vowel-based syllable division remains consistent.