Hyphenation ofstamceltransplantatie

Dutch Word Analysis: stamceltransplantatie

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "stamceltransplantatie" (stem cell transplantation) is a complex compound noun in Dutch. Its pronunciation involves a mix of vowel qualities and consonant clusters typical of the language. The 'g' is a voiced velar fricative /ɣ/, and the 'c' before 'e' is pronounced as /s/.

2. Syllable Division:

stam-cel-trans-plan-ta-tie

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• stam (root): From Old Dutch stamma, meaning "stem, stalk, origin". Function: Root denoting the source or origin.
• cel (root): From Latin cella, meaning "small room, cell". Function: Root denoting the biological cell.
• trans (prefix): From Latin trans, meaning "across, over". Function: Prefix indicating a process of transferring.
• plant (root): From Old Dutch plantan, meaning "to plant". Function: Root denoting the act of planting or establishing. In this context, it refers to the implantation of cells.
• atie (suffix): A common Dutch suffix derived from French -ation, indicating a noun formed from a verb. Function: Noun-forming suffix.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: trans-plan-ta-tie.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ˈstɑm.sɛl.trɑns.plɑn.taː.ti/

6. Edge Case Review:

Dutch syllable structure allows for complex onsets and codas. The 'trans' cluster is a common example. The vowel length in 'ta' is influenced by the following 'tie' and is therefore long.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is exclusively a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: The process of replacing damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow or stem cells.
• Translation: Stem cell transplantation
• Grammatical Category: Noun (het)
• Synonyms: stamcelverplaatsing (stem cell relocation)
• Antonyms: (None directly applicable, as it's a medical procedure)
• Examples:
  • "De patiënt onderging een stamceltransplantatie." (The patient underwent a stem cell transplantation.)
  • "Stamceltransplantatie kan een levensreddende behandeling zijn." (Stem cell transplantation can be a life-saving treatment.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• kansspelbelasting (gambling tax): kans-spel-be-las-ting. Similar complex compound structure. Stress on 'las'.
• werkloosheidsuitkering (unemployment benefit): werk-loos-heids-uit-ke-ring. Similar long compound noun. Stress on 'loos'.
• verantwoordelijkheid (responsibility): ver-ant-woor-de-lijk-heid. Similar suffixation and complex syllable structure. Stress on 'woor'.

The differences in stress placement are due to the inherent rhythmic patterns of Dutch and the specific vowel and consonant sequences within each word. Dutch stress is generally considered to be 'weakly stressed', meaning the difference in duration and intensity between stressed and unstressed syllables is relatively small.

10. Division Rules:

• Onset-Rime Principle: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus, with preceding consonants forming the onset and following consonants forming the coda.
• Sonority Sequencing Principle: Consonant clusters are resolved based on sonority, with more sonorous sounds tending to be closer to the vowel.
• Compound Word Syllabification: Compound words are generally syllabified as if they were separate words joined together.

11. Special Considerations:

The 'trans' cluster is a common exception to strict sonority sequencing, as it's frequently accepted as a single onset. The long vowel in 'ta' is a result of vowel lengthening before a coda consisting of two consonants.