Hyphenation ofstandaardafwijking

Dutch Word Analysis: standaardafwijking

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word standaardafwijking (standard deviation) is a compound noun in Dutch. Its pronunciation involves a mix of vowel qualities and consonant clusters typical of the language. The 'd' sounds are often softened or even elided in rapid speech, particularly in the middle of the word.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Dutch syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel sounds and avoid splitting diphthongs or consonant clusters where possible, the word breaks down as follows (using only the original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• standaard - Root: Dutch, meaning "standard". Derived from Middle Dutch standaert, ultimately from Old High German standart.
• af - Prefix: Dutch, meaning "away from", "off", or "deviation from". Germanic origin.
• wijking - Root/Suffix: Dutch, meaning "deviation". Related to wijken (to deviate, to move away). Germanic origin.

4. Stress Identification:

Dutch stress is generally on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the primary stress falls on af.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ˈstaːn.daːrt.aːf.ʋɛi̯.kɪŋ/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• stan /stɑn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters are broken. Exception: The 'n' is a sonorant and can be part of the syllable.
• daard /daːrt/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s). The 'rd' cluster is permissible within a syllable. Exception: The 'd' can be reduced or elided in rapid speech.
• af /aːf/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by a consonant. Exception: None.
• wij /ʋɛi̯/ - Diphthong forms a single syllable nucleus. Rule: Diphthongs are not split across syllables.
• king /kɪŋ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant cluster 'ng'. The 'ng' is a single phoneme in Dutch.

7. Edge Case Review:

The 'rd' cluster in daard is a common feature in Dutch and doesn't pose a significant syllabification challenge. The potential elision of the 'd' sound is a phonetic variation, not a syllabification rule.

8. Grammatical Role:

standaardafwijking is primarily a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: standaardafwijking
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Definitions:
  • "The extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed."
  • Translation: Standard deviation
• Synonyms: spreidingsmaat (measure of dispersion)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable.
• Examples:
  • "De standaardafwijking van de steekproef was klein." (The standard deviation of the sample was small.)
  • "Standaardafwijking is een belangrijke statistische maat." (Standard deviation is an important statistical measure.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist in Dutch. For example, the /aː/ sound in standaard might be slightly different depending on the region. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• waterpas /ˈwaː.tər.pɑs/ - Syllables: wa-ter-pas. Similar structure with vowel-consonant syllables.
• telefoonnummer /ˈte.lə.foːn.nʏ.mər/ - Syllables: te-le-foon-num-mer. Demonstrates the handling of multiple consonant clusters.
• werkschema /ˈʋɛrks.ʃe.ma/ - Syllables: werks-sche-ma. Shows how consonant clusters can be maintained within a syllable.

The differences in syllable count and structure are due to the varying lengths and complexities of the consonant clusters and vowel sequences in each word. standaardafwijking has a relatively complex structure with a diphthong and a 'rd' cluster, leading to its specific syllabification.