Hyphenation ofhjerte-lunge-maskin
Syllable Division:
hjer-te-lun-ge-ma-skin
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈhæːrtəˌlʉŋɡəˈmɑʃiːn/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
100001
Primary stress falls on the first syllable of the first compound element ('hjer-'). Secondary stress is present on the last syllable ('skin'), but is less prominent than the primary stress.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, stressed. Contains a diphthong and a voiced alveolar plosive.
Closed syllable, unstressed. Contains a voiceless alveolar plosive and a schwa.
Open syllable, unstressed. Contains a voiced velar nasal and a rounded vowel.
Closed syllable, unstressed. Contains a voiced velar plosive and a schwa.
Open syllable, unstressed. Contains a bilabial nasal and a low back vowel.
Closed syllable, stressed. Contains a voiceless postalveolar fricative, a high front vowel, and a voiced alveolar nasal.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix:
No prefix present.
Root: hjerte, lunge, maskin
All three elements are roots, originating from Old Norse and German respectively. They function as noun stems.
Suffix:
No suffix present.
A machine that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery.
Translation: Heart-lung machine
Examples:
"Under operasjonen ble pasienten koblet til ein hjerte-lunge-maskin."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar compound structure with stress on the first syllable of the first element.
Similar compound structure, stress on the first syllable.
Similar compound structure, stress on the first syllable.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Based Syllabification
Syllables are generally formed around vowel sounds. Each vowel sound typically forms the nucleus of a syllable.
Consonant Cluster Handling
Consonant clusters are maintained as long as they are pronounceable as a unit within the Nynorsk phonotactic constraints. No unnecessary syllable breaks are introduced within permissible clusters.
Compound Word Syllabification
Compound words are syllabified based on the syllable structure of their constituent parts, respecting the vowel-based rule.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Regional variations in pronunciation of 'hjerte' (e.g., /hjarta/ vs. /hjerte/).
The hyphenation in the written form is crucial for understanding the compound structure, even though it doesn't directly affect the phonetic syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'hjerte-lunge-maskin' is a compound noun in Nynorsk, syllabified as hjer-te-lun-ge-ma-skin. Stress falls on the first syllable ('hjer-'). The word is composed of three noun roots and follows standard Nynorsk syllable division rules based on vowel sounds and permissible consonant clusters.
Detailed Analysis:
Norwegian Nynorsk Word Analysis: hjerte-lunge-maskin
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word hjerte-lunge-maskin (heart-lung-machine) is a compound noun in Norwegian Nynorsk. It refers to a heart-lung machine used in surgery. Pronunciation follows Nynorsk standards, with emphasis generally falling on the first syllable of the first compound element.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Nynorsk syllable division rules, which prioritize vowel sounds and avoid breaking consonant clusters unless they are complex and unpronounceable as a unit, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- hjerte-: Root. Origin: Old Norse hjarta. Meaning: "heart". Morphological function: Noun stem.
- lunge-: Root. Origin: Old Norse lunga. Meaning: "lung". Morphological function: Noun stem.
- maskin: Root. Origin: German Maschine. Meaning: "machine". Morphological function: Noun stem.
The word is a compound, formed by concatenating three noun stems. The hyphenation in the written form reflects this compounding.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the first syllable of the first compound element: hjer-.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈhæːrtəˌlʉŋɡəˈmɑʃiːn/
6. Edge Case Review:
Nynorsk allows for both hjarta and hjerte as valid forms of "heart". The pronunciation with /æː/ is more common in many dialects. The consonant clusters rt and ng are permissible in Nynorsk and do not necessitate syllable breaks.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word functions solely as a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical context (as it's a fixed compound noun).
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: hjerte-lunge-maskin
- Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine)
- Definition: A machine that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery.
- Translation: Heart-lung machine
- Synonyms: (None common, often described functionally)
- Antonyms: (None applicable)
- Examples:
- "Under operasjonen ble pasienten koblet til ein hjerte-lunge-maskin." (During the operation, the patient was connected to a heart-lung machine.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- datamaskin (computer): da-ta-ma-skin. Similar syllable structure with compound elements. Stress on the first syllable of the first element.
- fruktkorg (fruit basket): frukt-korg. Similar compound structure, stress on the first syllable.
- bordsag (table saw): bords-ag. Similar compound structure, stress on the first syllable.
The consistency in stress placement on the first syllable of the first compound element is a common feature in Nynorsk compound nouns.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.