Hyphenation ofkostnadsoverskridelse
Syllable Division:
kost-nad-o-ver-skri-del-se
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈkɔstˌnɑːdˌœvərˌskriːdəlse/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0010000
Primary stress falls on the third syllable 'skri-'. Nynorsk stress is relatively weak, but this syllable receives the most prominence.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset consonant cluster 'k', vowel nucleus 'o', coda consonant 'st'.
Open syllable, onset consonant 'n', vowel nucleus 'ɑː', coda consonant 'd'.
Open syllable, vowel nucleus 'œ'.
Open syllable, onset consonant 'v', vowel nucleus 'ə'.
Open syllable, onset consonant cluster 'skr', vowel nucleus 'iː', stressed syllable.
Open syllable, onset consonant 'd', vowel nucleus 'ɛ', coda consonant 'l'.
Open syllable, onset consonant 's', vowel nucleus 'ə'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: over-
From Old Norse *yfir* meaning 'over, above'. Functions as a prefix indicating exceeding or surpassing.
Root: skrid-
From Old Norse *skríða* meaning 'to creep, slide'. Represents the core action of exceeding.
Suffix: -else
A deverbal suffix forming nouns denoting the result of an action. Indicates the state of being overspent.
A situation where the actual cost of a project or undertaking exceeds the budgeted amount.
Translation: Cost overrun
Examples:
"Prosjektet led av en stor kostnadsoverskridelse."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'kost-' relating to cost.
Shares the 'skrid-' root and '-else' suffix, demonstrating similar morphological structure.
A longer compound, but illustrates the same principles of syllabification and stress placement in Nynorsk.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
Consonant clusters are kept together at the beginning of a syllable (e.g., 'skri-').
Vowel Break
Each vowel nucleus generally forms a separate syllable (e.g., 'kost-nad').
Compound Word Syllabification
Compound words are syllabified based on the individual morphemes.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The length and complex morphology of the word require careful attention to morpheme boundaries.
The 'over-' prefix could potentially be integrated into the following syllable, but it forms a distinct syllable due to the vowel sequence.
Summary:
The word 'kostnadsoverskridelse' is a Nynorsk noun meaning 'cost overrun'. It's syllabified as kost-nad-o-ver-skri-del-se, with primary stress on 'skri-'. The word is composed of the morphemes 'kostnad', 'over-', 'skrid-', and '-else', and its syllabification follows Nynorsk rules of onset maximization and vowel break.
Detailed Analysis:
Norwegian Nynorsk Word Analysis: kostnadsoverskridelse
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "kostnadsoverskridelse" is a complex noun in Norwegian Nynorsk, meaning "cost overrun." It's a compound word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation follows Nynorsk standards, with a relatively even stress distribution, though the final syllable tends to be less prominent.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Nynorsk syllable division rules, which generally favor maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable) and respecting vowel sequences, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- kostnad: (Noun) "cost" - From Old Norse kostr meaning 'price, expense'.
- over-: (Prefix) "over" - From Old Norse yfir meaning 'over, above'.
- skrid-: (Verb stem) "slide, exceed" - From Old Norse skríða meaning 'to creep, slide'.
- -else: (Suffix) "-ing, overrun" - A deverbal suffix forming nouns denoting the result of an action.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: "skri-". Nynorsk generally has a weaker stress system than many other languages, but the third syllable receives the most prominence.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈkɔstˌnɑːdˌœvərˌskriːdəlse/
6. Edge Case Review:
The "skrid" portion can sometimes be pronounced with a slightly reduced vowel, but the standard pronunciation maintains a clear /iː/. The cluster "rs" is common in Nynorsk and doesn't pose a significant syllabification challenge.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily a noun. While it's derived from a verb ("skride"), its function as a noun doesn't significantly alter the syllabification or stress pattern.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- kostnadsoverskridelse (n)
- Definitions: A situation where the actual cost of a project or undertaking exceeds the budgeted amount.
- Translation: Cost overrun
- Synonyms: budsjettoverskridelse (budget overrun)
- Antonyms: kostnadsbesparelse (cost saving)
- Examples: "Prosjektet led av en stor kostnadsoverskridelse." (The project suffered a large cost overrun.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- kostnad: /kɔstˈnɑːd/ - Similar syllable structure, with a clear onset and coda in the first syllable.
- overskridelse: /œvərˌskriːdəlse/ - Shares the "-else" suffix and similar vowel qualities.
- budsjettoverskridelse: /bʉdˈʃɛtˌœvərˌskriːdəlse/ - A longer compound, but demonstrates the same principles of syllable division and stress placement.
10. Division Rules:
- Onset Maximization: Consonant clusters are generally kept together at the beginning of a syllable (e.g., "skri-").
- Vowel Break: Each vowel nucleus generally forms a separate syllable (e.g., "kost-nad").
- Compound Word Syllabification: Compound words are syllabified based on the individual morphemes.
11. Special Considerations:
The word's length and complex morphology require careful attention to morpheme boundaries. The "over-" prefix is often integrated into the following syllable, but in this case, it forms a distinct syllable due to the vowel sequence.
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What is hyphenation
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This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
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