Hyphenation ofperfeksjonistisk
Syllable Division:
per-feks-jon-i-stisk
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pɛrfɛksjʊˈnɪstɪsk/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00101
Primary stress falls on the penult (second-to-last) syllable 'jon'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset 'p', nucleus 'ɛr'
Closed syllable, onset 'f', nucleus 'ɛ', coda 'ks'
Closed syllable, onset 'j', nucleus 'ʊ', coda 'n'
Open syllable, nucleus 'ɪ'
Closed syllable, onset 'st', nucleus 'ɪ', coda 'sk'
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: per-
Latin origin, meaning 'thoroughly'
Root: feksjon-
Latin *perfectio* via French, meaning 'completion'
Suffix: -istisk
Combination of *-ist* (person who practices) and *-isk* (adjective forming)
Characterized by or relating to perfectionism; excessively concerned with details and achieving flawlessness.
Translation: Perfectionistic
Examples:
"Han er en perfeksjonistisk kunstner."
"Hun har en perfeksjonistisk tilnærming til arbeidet sitt."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.
Shares the *-isk* suffix and similar stress pattern.
Demonstrates a different syllable structure but follows the sonority principle.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Principle
Syllables are formed to maximize the sonority of the nucleus, with a gradual decrease in sonority from onset to coda.
Vowel as Syllable
Each vowel generally forms a syllable nucleus.
Consonant Clusters
Consonant clusters are allowed in both onsets and codas, subject to phonotactic constraints.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Regional variations in the pronunciation of 'j' and 'r'.
Potential vowel reduction in unstressed syllables in some dialects.
Summary:
The word 'perfeksjonistisk' is divided into five syllables: per-feks-jon-i-stisk. The primary stress falls on the penult. It's morphologically complex, derived from Latin roots and Nynorsk suffixes. Syllabification follows the sonority principle and allows for common consonant clusters.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "perfeksjonistisk" (Norwegian Nynorsk)
1. Pronunciation Examination:
The word "perfeksjonistisk" is pronounced with a relatively consistent vowel quality across its syllables, typical of Nynorsk. The 'j' sound is palatalized, and the final 'sk' cluster is a common feature.
2. Syllable Division:
The syllable division will be based on the sonority principle, maximizing onsets and respecting vowel sequences.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: per- (Latin, meaning "thoroughly" or "completely")
- Root: feksjon- (Latin perfectio via French, meaning "completion" or "excellence")
- Suffix: -istisk (combination of -ist denoting a person who practices something, and -isk forming an adjective)
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penult (second-to-last) syllable: perfeks-jo-nistisk.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pɛrfɛksjʊˈnɪstɪsk/
6. Edge Case Review:
Nynorsk allows for both 'sj' and 'sk' clusters, and the pronunciation of 'j' can vary slightly regionally. However, the syllable division remains consistent.
7. Grammatical Role:
"Perfeksjonistisk" functions primarily as an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its use in a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Characterized by or relating to perfectionism; excessively concerned with details and achieving flawlessness.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Translation: Perfectionistic (English)
- Synonyms: grundig (thorough), nitidig (meticulous)
- Antonyms: slurvete (careless), ufullstendig (incomplete)
- Examples: "Han er en perfeksjonistisk kunstner." (He is a perfectionistic artist.) "Hun har en perfeksjonistisk tilnærming til arbeidet sitt." (She has a perfectionistic approach to her work.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- "problemdisk" (problematic): pro-blem-disk - Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
- "realistisk" (realistic): re-a-lis-tisk - Similar suffix -isk, stress on the penultimate syllable.
- "akseptabel" (acceptable): ak-sep-ta-bel - Demonstrates a different syllable structure with more vowel-consonant alternations, but still follows the sonority principle.
Detailed Syllable Analysis:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Description | Rule Applied | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| per | /pɛr/ | Open syllable, onset 'p', nucleus 'ɛr' | Sonority Principle, maximizing onset | 'r' can be vocalized in some dialects |
| feks | /fɛks/ | Closed syllable, onset 'f', nucleus 'ɛ', coda 'ks' | Sonority Principle, consonant cluster allowed in coda | 'ks' is a common coda cluster in Nynorsk |
| jon | /jʊn/ | Closed syllable, onset 'j', nucleus 'ʊ', coda 'n' | Sonority Principle, palatalization of 'j' | 'j' can have slight regional variations |
| i | /ɪ/ | Open syllable, nucleus 'ɪ' | Vowel as a syllable | |
| stisk | /stɪsk/ | Closed syllable, onset 'st', nucleus 'ɪ', coda 'sk' | Sonority Principle, consonant cluster allowed in onset and coda | 'st' and 'sk' are common clusters |
Syllable Division Rules Applied:
- Sonority Principle: Syllables are formed to maximize the sonority of the nucleus, with a gradual decrease in sonority from onset to coda.
- Vowel as Syllable: Each vowel generally forms a syllable nucleus.
- Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters are allowed in both onsets and codas, subject to phonotactic constraints.
Special Considerations:
The 'j' sound can be pronounced slightly differently depending on the dialect. The 'r' sound can also be vocalized in some dialects. However, these variations do not significantly affect the syllable division.
Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Some dialects might slightly reduce the vowel in unstressed syllables. This would not change the syllable division, but could affect the phonetic realization.
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Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
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