Hyphenation ofsjølmedlidenhet

Analysis of "sjølmedlidenhet" (Norwegian Nynorsk)

1. Pronunciation Considerations:

The word "sjølmedlidenhet" is a complex noun meaning self-pity. Pronunciation in Nynorsk can vary slightly regionally, but generally follows established rules. The 'j' is a palatal approximant /j/, and 'ø' is a close-mid front rounded vowel /ø/. The 'l' is often velarized, especially after vowels.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Nynorsk syllable division rules, which prioritize maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable) and avoiding stranded consonants, the word breaks down as follows.

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• sjøl-: Prefix, originating from Old Norse sjálfr meaning "self". Functions as a reflexive pronoun/intensifier.
• med-: Prefix, originating from Old Norse með meaning "with". Functions as a combining form.
• liden-: Root, originating from Old Norse líða meaning "to suffer, to experience".
• -het: Suffix, originating from Old Norse -heit forming abstract nouns denoting a state or quality.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penult (second to last syllable): "li-den-het".

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ˈsjøːlˌmɛdlɪdn̩ˌhɛɪt/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

• sjøl-: /sjøːl/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant-Vowel (CV) structure. No exceptions.
• med-: /mɛd/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant-Vowel (CV) structure. No exceptions.
• li-: /li/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant-Vowel (CV) structure. No exceptions.
• den-: /dn̩/ - Closed syllable with syllabic consonant. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by vowel. The 'n' is syllabic due to the lack of a following vowel.
• het: /hɛɪt/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant-Vowel-Diphthong (CVD) structure. No exceptions.

7. Edge Case Review:

The syllabic 'n' in "den-" is a common feature in Nynorsk and Bokmål, arising when a nasal consonant is followed by another consonant and no intervening vowel.

8. Grammatical Role:

"Sjølmedlidenhet" is primarily a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (as it's a derived noun).

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Self-pity; a feeling of sorrow or unhappiness for oneself.
• Translation: Self-pity
• Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine)
• Synonyms: Egenkjærleik (self-love, but can be used ironically), sjølvmedfølelse (self-compassion)
• Antonyms: Empati (empathy), medfølelse (compassion)
• Examples:
  • "Ho fall i sjølmedlidenhet etter brotet." (She fell into self-pity after the breakup.)
  • "Det er lett å gi etter for sjølmedlidenhet når ting går gale." (It's easy to give in to self-pity when things go wrong.)

10. Regional Variations:

Pronunciation of the vowel /ø/ can vary slightly between dialects. Some dialects may pronounce it closer to /œ/. This doesn't affect syllable division.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• vennskap (friendship): ven-nskap - Similar CV structure.
• kjærlighet (love): kjær-li-ghet - Similar CV and CVC structures.
• ensomhet (loneliness): en-som-het - Similar CV and CVC structures.

The syllable division in all these words follows the same principles of maximizing onsets and avoiding stranded consonants. The presence of consonant clusters is handled consistently. The syllabic consonant in "sjølmedlidenhet" is less common but follows the same rule as in other Nynorsk words.