Hyphenation ofspenningstilstand
Syllable Division:
spen-ning-stil-stand
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈspɛnːɪŋstiːlˌstand/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
1000
Primary stress falls on the first syllable ('spen'). The remaining syllables are unstressed or receive secondary stress.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, stressed, onset cluster 'sp'.
Closed syllable, onset 'n', coda 'ng'.
Closed syllable, onset 'st', coda 'l'.
Closed syllable, onset 'st', coda 'nd'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix:
Root: spenning, stand
spenning: from 'spenna' (to tense); stand: from 'stå' (to stand)
Suffix: -d
Definite article ending for neuter nouns
A state of tension, a stressful situation, or a condition of strain.
Translation: State of tension
Examples:
"Han var i ein stor spenningstilstand før eksamen."
"Spenningstilstanden i området auka etter hendinga."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Compound noun structure, similar stress pattern.
Compound noun structure, similar stress pattern.
Compound noun structure, similar stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Maximize Onsets
Consonant clusters are generally kept together as onsets (e.g., 'sp', 'st').
Avoid Stranded Consonants
Consonants are not left at the end of a syllable unless necessary (e.g., 'ning', 'stil').
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The 'ng' cluster is treated as a single onset.
The preposition 'til' is often reduced in rapid speech.
Compound nouns in Nynorsk generally have stress on the first element.
Summary:
The word 'spenningstilstand' is a compound noun in Nynorsk, divided into four syllables: spen-ning-stil-stand. Stress falls on the first syllable ('spen'). The word is formed from the roots 'spenning' and 'stand' with the preposition 'til' and the definite article suffix '-d'. Syllable division follows the principles of maximizing onsets and avoiding stranded consonants.
Detailed Analysis:
Analysis of "spenningstilstand" (Norwegian Nynorsk)
1. Pronunciation Considerations:
The word "spenningstilstand" is a compound noun in Nynorsk. It's pronounced with a relatively even rhythm, but stress falls on the first syllable of the first element ("spenning"). Nynorsk pronunciation generally aims for a more conservative realization of vowels and consonants compared to Bokmål.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Nynorsk syllable division rules, which prioritize maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable) and avoiding stranded consonants, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- spenning: Root. From the verb "spenna" (to tense, to strain). Related to English "spin" via Proto-Germanic spinnan. Noun form indicating a state of tension.
- til: Preposition. Origin: Old Norse til. Function: Indicates direction or state.
- stand: Root. From the verb "stå" (to stand). Related to English "stand". Noun form indicating a state or condition.
- -d: Suffix. Grammatical function: Definite article ending for neuter nouns.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the first syllable: spen-ning-stil-stand.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈspɛnːɪŋstiːlˌstand/
6. Edge Case Review:
The "ng" cluster in "spenning" is a common feature in Nynorsk and is treated as a single onset. The "til" element is relatively short and unstressed, often reduced in rapid speech.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: A state of tension, a stressful situation, or a condition of strain.
- Translation: "State of tension" (English)
- Grammatical Category: Noun (masculine/feminine/neuter depending on context, but generally neuter in this construction)
- Synonyms: stress, anspenthet, trykk
- Antonyms: ro, avslapning, harmoni
- Examples:
- "Han var i ein stor spenningstilstand før eksamen." (He was in a great state of tension before the exam.)
- "Spenningstilstanden i området auka etter hendinga." (The state of tension in the area increased after the incident.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- "bekymringstilstand" (state of worry): be-ky-mrings-til-stand. Similar syllable structure, stress on the first element.
- "arbeidstilstand" (working condition): ar-beids-til-stand. Similar syllable structure, stress on the first element.
- "drifttilstand" (operating condition): drifts-til-stand. Similar syllable structure, stress on the first element.
The consistent stress pattern on the first element of the compound noun is a key feature of Nynorsk compound word phonology. The differences in syllable count are due to the varying lengths of the root words.
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Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
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