Hyphenation ofutakknemlighet
Syllable Division:
u-tak-k-nem-li-ghet
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ʉˈtɑkːnɛmliːɡheit/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
010000
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('tak'). Typical stress pattern for Nynorsk words of this length.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial vowel.
Closed syllable, consonant onset.
Open followed by closed syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: ut-
Old Norse *út*, meaning 'out' or 'away', adverbial prefix.
Root: takkn-
Old Norse *takka*, meaning 'to thank' or 'gratitude'.
Suffix: -nemlighet
Old Norse *nemð* + *-leik* + *-het*, indicating a quality or state of being.
Lack of gratitude; ingratitude.
Translation: Ingratitude
Examples:
"Han viste stor utakknemlighet etter å ha fått hjelp."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar structure with a consonant cluster.
Similar stress pattern and vowel-consonant alternation.
Demonstrates how prefixes and suffixes are handled in syllabification.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Maximize Onsets
Consonant clusters are generally kept together at the beginning of a syllable.
Vowel Division
Each vowel generally forms the nucleus of a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The 'kn' cluster is treated as a single onset.
Retroflex consonant /ʈ/ does not affect syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'utakknemlighet' is divided into syllables as u-tak-k-nem-li-ghet, with primary stress on 'tak'. It's a noun meaning 'ingratitude', formed from the prefix 'ut-', root 'takkn-', and suffix '-nemlighet'. Syllabification follows Nynorsk rules maximizing onsets and respecting vowel sequences.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "utakknemlighet" (Norwegian Nynorsk)
1. Pronunciation Considerations:
The word "utakknemlighet" presents challenges due to consonant clusters and the presence of the retroflex consonant /ʈ/ (represented by 'k' before 'n' in Nynorsk). The pronunciation is generally [ʉˈtɑkːnɛmliːɡheit].
2. Syllable Division:
Following Nynorsk syllable division rules, which generally favor maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable) and respecting vowel sequences, the division is as follows:
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: ut- (Old Norse út), meaning 'out' or 'away'. Function: adverbial prefix, indicating direction or completion.
- Root: takkn- (Old Norse takka), meaning 'to thank' or 'gratitude'.
- Suffix: -nemlighet (Old Norse nemð + -leik + -het), a complex suffix indicating a quality or state of being. -nemd relates to taking or receiving, -leik is a nominalizing suffix, and -het forms an abstract noun.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: tak. This is typical for Nynorsk words of this length, with stress generally occurring on the third syllable from the end, unless morphological factors dictate otherwise.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ʉˈtɑkːnɛmliːɡheit/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- u-tak: /ʉ/ - /takː/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant cluster. Exception: Initial vowel always starts a syllable.
- k-nem: /k/ - /nɛm/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by vowel. Exception: 'k' before 'n' is pronounced as a retroflex /ʈ/ in Nynorsk, but this doesn't affect syllabification.
- li-ghet: /li/ - /ɡheit/ - Open syllable followed by closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant, consonant followed by vowel.
- heit: /heit/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by vowel.
7. Edge Case Review:
The 'kn' cluster is a common feature of Nynorsk and is treated as a single onset. The long vowel /ɑː/ in tak influences the stress pattern.
8. Grammatical Role:
"Utakknemlighet" is primarily a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Lack of gratitude; ingratitude.
- Translation: Ingratitude (English)
- Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine)
- Synonyms: utaknemd (ungrateful), taklaushet (lack of thanks)
- Antonyms: takksemd (gratitude), takknemlighet (gratitude)
- Examples: "Han viste stor utakknemlighet etter å ha fått hjelp." (He showed great ingratitude after receiving help.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel pronunciation might exist, but they generally don't affect the core syllabification. Some dialects might slightly alter the stress, but the third syllable remains the most common location.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- Vennskap: /vɛnːskap/ - Syllables: ven-nskap. Similar structure with a consonant cluster.
- Bekymring: /bɛˈkʏmriŋ/ - Syllables: be-kym-ring. Similar stress pattern and vowel-consonant alternation.
- Misforståelse: /mɪsfɔrˈstɔːelse/ - Syllables: mis-for-stå-else. Demonstrates how prefixes and suffixes are handled in syllabification.
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