Hyphenation ofutviklingshemjing
Syllable Division:
ut-vik-lings-hem-jing
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ʉtˈvikːliŋʂhæmjiŋ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
10000
Primary stress falls on the first syllable 'ut'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, stressed.
Closed syllable, contains a long vowel.
Closed syllable, contains a consonant cluster.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, contains a palatal approximant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: ut
Old Norse origin, indicates process or result.
Root: viklings-hemj
Combination of Old Norse roots relating to development and limitation.
Suffix: ing
Old Norse nominalizing suffix.
Intellectual disability; developmental delay.
Translation: Intellectual disability, developmental disability
Examples:
"Ho har ein lett utviklingshemjing."
"Skulen tilbyr spesialundervisning til elevar med utviklingshemjing."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'vikling' root and similar stress pattern.
Contains the 'ing' suffix and similar syllable structure.
Shares the 'vikling' root and similar stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
Consonant clusters are maintained as onsets where possible (e.g., 'lings').
Open Syllable Preference
Syllables tend towards the CV structure (e.g., 'ut', 'hem').
Vowel Break
Each vowel nucleus forms a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The 'j' following 'hem' is a common transition and doesn't affect syllable division.
Regional variations in vowel pronunciation may exist but do not alter the core syllable structure.
Summary:
The word 'utviklingshemjing' is divided into five syllables: ut-vik-lings-hem-jing. The primary stress falls on the first syllable. It's a compound noun formed from Old Norse roots, meaning intellectual disability. Syllable division follows the principles of onset maximization and open syllable preference.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "utviklingshemjing" (Norwegian Nynorsk)
1. Pronunciation Considerations:
The word "utviklingshemjing" is a compound noun common in Norwegian Nynorsk. It's pronounced with a relatively even rhythm, though the first syllable receives primary stress. The 'j' sound is a palatal approximant /j/. The 'ng' is a velar nasal /ŋ/.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Nynorsk syllable division rules, which generally favor open syllables (CV) where possible, and respecting consonant clusters, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- ut-: Prefix. Origin: Old Norse. Function: Indicates a process or result of something. (roughly equivalent to 'out-' or 'development-')
- viklings-: Root. Origin: Old Norse vikla (to wrap, twist, develop). Function: Core meaning related to development.
- hemj-: Root. Origin: Old Norse heimr (home, world) + mæla (to measure, limit). Function: Indicates limitation or impairment.
- -ing: Suffix. Origin: Old Norse. Function: Nominalizing suffix, forming a noun from a verb or adjective.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the first syllable: ut-vik-lings-hem-jing.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ʉtˈvikːliŋʂhæmjiŋ/
6. Edge Case Review:
The consonant cluster 'ings' is a common feature in Nynorsk and doesn't present a significant edge case. The 'j' following 'hem' is a typical transition.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Intellectual disability; developmental delay.
- Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine gender)
- Translation: Intellectual disability, developmental disability
- Synonyms: utviklingsforsinkelse (developmental delay), mental retardasjon (older, less preferred term)
- Antonyms: Normal utvikling (normal development)
- Examples:
- "Ho har ein lett utviklingshemjing." (She has a mild intellectual disability.)
- "Skulen tilbyr spesialundervisning til elevar med utviklingshemjing." (The school offers special education to students with intellectual disabilities.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- utvikling (development): u-tvi-kling. Similar structure, stress on the first syllable.
- heimlysing (explanation): heim-ly-sing. Similar 'ing' ending, stress on the first syllable.
- forvikling (complication): for-vi-kling. Similar 'vikling' root, stress on the first syllable.
The consistent stress pattern on the first syllable in these words highlights a common feature of Nynorsk compound nouns. The syllable division follows similar principles of maximizing open syllables.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist in Norway. The 'u' sound might be slightly more open in some dialects. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Division Rules:
- Onset Maximization: Consonant clusters are maintained as onsets where possible.
- Open Syllable Preference: Syllables tend towards the CV structure.
- Vowel Break: Each vowel nucleus forms a syllable.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.