Hyphenation oftollundersøkelse
Syllable Division:
toll-un-der-sø-kel-se
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/tɔlːˈʊnːdərˌsøːkəlse/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
010000
Primary stress falls on the second syllable ('un'). Norwegian generally stresses the first syllable, but compound words often shift stress to the second element.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, containing a long vowel. No stress.
Closed syllable, containing a short vowel and a nasal consonant. Primary stress.
Open syllable, containing a schwa-like vowel. Unstressed.
Open syllable, containing a long rounded vowel. Unstressed.
Closed syllable, containing a short vowel. Unstressed.
Open syllable, containing a short vowel. Unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: under
Old Norse origin, meaning 'under'. Functions as a prefix indicating a lower position or degree.
Root: toll/søke
Old Norse origins. 'toll' meaning 'toll, payment', 'søke' meaning 'to seek, to search'.
Suffix: -lse
Derived from the verb 'søke', functions as a nominalizing suffix.
A toll investigation; an inquiry or study related to tolls.
Translation: Toll investigation
Examples:
"En grundig tollundersøkelse ble gjennomført."
"Resultatene av tollundersøkelsen er klare."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar compound structure and stress pattern.
Compound word with stress on the second syllable.
Compound word with stress on the second syllable.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
Norwegian syllable division prioritizes maximizing consonant clusters in the onset of a syllable.
Vowel Centering
Each syllable generally contains one vowel sound.
Compound Word Stress
Stress often falls on the second element of a compound word.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Simplification of 'll' to /l/ in pronunciation.
Regional variations in 'r' pronunciation (e.g., alveolar approximant).
Summary:
The word 'tollundersøkelse' is a Norwegian compound noun meaning 'toll investigation'. It is divided into six syllables: toll-un-der-sø-kel-se, with primary stress on the second syllable ('un'). The word is formed from the roots 'toll' and 'søke' with the prefix 'under' and the suffix '-lse'. Syllable division follows Norwegian rules of onset maximization and vowel centering.
Detailed Analysis:
Norwegian Word Analysis: tollundersøkelse
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "tollundersøkelse" (toll-un-der-sø-kel-se) is a compound noun in Norwegian. It's pronounced with relatively straightforward vowel and consonant sounds, though the 'ø' sound requires specific articulation. The 'll' is pronounced as a single 'l' sound.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Norwegian syllable division rules, which generally favor maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable), the word is divided as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- toll - Root. Origin: Old Norse tollr meaning "toll, payment". Morphological function: Noun, refers to a fee or tax.
- under - Prefix. Origin: Old Norse undir meaning "under". Morphological function: Adverb/Preposition, indicating something happening beneath or relating to.
- søke - Root. Origin: Old Norse sæki meaning "to seek, to search". Morphological function: Verb, indicating the act of searching or investigating.
- -lse - Suffix. Origin: Derived from the verb søke. Morphological function: Nominalizing suffix, turning the verb into a noun (the result of seeking/searching).
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the second syllable: "un-der-". Norwegian generally stresses the first syllable of a word, but in compound words, the stress often shifts to the second element.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/tɔlːˈʊnːdərˌsøːkəlse/
6. Edge Case Review:
The 'll' cluster simplifies to a single /l/ sound. The vowel qualities are crucial; 'ø' is a rounded front vowel. The 'r' is often alveolar approximant [ɹ] in Eastern Norwegian dialects.
7. Grammatical Role:
"Tollundersøkelse" is primarily a noun. The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: A toll investigation; an inquiry or study related to tolls.
- Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine gender)
- Translation: Toll investigation
- Synonyms: Tollstudie, avgiftsundersøkelse
- Antonyms: (Context-dependent) - Tollinnkreving (toll collection)
- Examples:
- "En grundig tollundersøkelse ble gjennomført." (A thorough toll investigation was carried out.)
- "Resultatene av tollundersøkelsen er klare." (The results of the toll investigation are clear.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- fotball (football): fót-ball. Similar syllable structure, stress on the first syllable of the compound.
- datamaskin (computer): da-ta-ma-skin. Stress on the second syllable, similar to "tollundersøkelse".
- arbeidsliv (working life): ar-beids-liv. Stress on the second syllable, demonstrating the tendency for stress to shift in compound words.
10. Division Rules:
- Onset Maximization: Norwegian prefers to maximize consonant clusters in the onset of a syllable (e.g., "under").
- Vowel Centering: Each syllable generally contains one vowel sound.
- Compound Word Stress: Stress often falls on the second element of a compound word.
11. Special Considerations:
The simplification of 'll' to /l/ is a consistent feature of Norwegian pronunciation. Regional variations in 'r' pronunciation might exist, but do not affect the syllabification.
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In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.