Hyphenation ofuttaksbestemmelse

Linguistic Analysis of "uttaksbestemmelse" (Norwegian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "uttaksbestemmelse" is a complex noun in Norwegian, meaning "pronunciation regulation" or "pronunciation determination." It's a compound word, built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, and vowel qualities typical of Norwegian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Norwegian syllable division rules, which generally favor maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable), the word is divided as follows (using only the original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• uttaks-: Root, derived from "uttale" (pronunciation). Origin: Old Norse úttala (to utter, pronounce). Morphological function: Noun stem.
• bestem-: Root, from "bestemme" (to determine, decide). Origin: Old Norse bestemma (to appoint, determine). Morphological function: Verb stem, acting as an adjective stem here.
• -melse: Suffix, forming a noun from a verb or adjective. Origin: Old Norse -mál (measure, act). Morphological function: Nominalizing suffix.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the second syllable: "taks". Norwegian generally stresses the first syllable of a word, but compound words often shift the stress to the second element.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ˈʊtːɑksbɛstɛmːɛlsə/

6. Edge Case Review:

Norwegian allows for relatively complex consonant clusters, which can sometimes lead to ambiguity in syllable division. However, the rule of maximizing onsets generally resolves these cases.

7. Grammatical Role:

"Uttaksbestemmelse" is primarily a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: A regulation or determination concerning pronunciation.
• Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine gender)
• Translation: Pronunciation regulation, pronunciation determination.
• Synonyms: Uttaleregel (pronunciation rule), uttalebestemmelser (pronunciation determinations)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable.
• Examples:
  • "Denne uttalbestemmelsen er viktig for språkutviklingen." (This pronunciation regulation is important for language development.)
  • "Vi må følge uttalbestemmelsen." (We must follow the pronunciation determination.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• "bokhandel" (bookstore): "bok-han-del" /bɔkˈhɑnˌdɛl/ - Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters. Stress on the second syllable.
• "arbeidsliv" (working life): "ar-beids-liv" /ˈɑrˌbæɪ̯dsˌliv/ - Compound word, stress on the second element.
• "datamaskin" (computer): "da-ta-maskin" /daːtaˈmɑʃkin/ - Compound word, stress on the third syllable.

The differences in stress placement are due to the varying lengths and structures of the compound elements. "Uttaksbestemmelse" has a longer first element ("uttaksbestem") which influences the stress shift.

10. Division Rules:

• Onset Maximization: Consonant clusters are generally kept together at the beginning of a syllable (e.g., "uttaks", "bestem").
• Vowel Peak: Each syllable must contain a vowel sound.
• Sonority Sequencing: Syllables follow a sonority hierarchy, with sounds becoming more sonorous towards the nucleus (vowel).

11. Special Considerations:

The double consonants ("tt" and "mm") affect the length of the preceding vowel. The "ks" cluster is a common and permissible onset in Norwegian.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist in Norwegian, but they do not significantly alter the syllable division. Some dialects might pronounce the final "-else" slightly differently, but the core syllable structure remains consistent.