Hyphenation ofutviklingshemming
Syllable Division:
ut-vik-lings-hem-ming
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ʉtˈvɪklɪŋʂhɛmɪŋ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
01000
Primary stress falls on the second syllable ('vik'). Norwegian generally stresses the first syllable of compound words, but longer compounds can shift stress.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, primary stressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: ut
Old Norse origin, indicates a process or result.
Root: viklings
Old Norse *vikla* (to develop), relates to development.
Suffix: hemming
Old Norse *heimr* + *-ing*, indicates a condition of limitation.
Intellectual disability; a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
Translation: Intellectual disability
Examples:
"Han har en grad av utviklingshemming."
"Foreldrene søkte hjelp for barnets utviklingshemming."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar prefix and root structure, stress pattern.
Similar stress pattern and syllable structure.
Similar structure with a prefix and root, stress on the second syllable.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
Consonant clusters are maintained as onsets whenever possible.
Open Syllable Preference
Syllables are divided to create open syllables (ending in vowels) whenever feasible.
Vowel-to-Vowel Separation
Vowel sequences are generally separated into different syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Regional variations in pronunciation might slightly reduce vowels in unstressed syllables, but do not alter the core syllabification.
The length of the compound word influences the stress placement.
Summary:
The word 'utviklingshemming' is a Norwegian compound noun meaning 'intellectual disability'. It is syllabified as ut-vik-lings-hem-ming, with primary stress on the second syllable ('vik'). The word is composed of a prefix ('ut'), a root ('viklings'), and a suffix ('hemming'). Syllable division follows Norwegian rules prioritizing open syllables and onset maximization.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "utviklingshemming" (Norwegian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "utviklingshemming" refers to intellectual disability in Norwegian. It's a compound noun, and its pronunciation reflects this. It's a relatively long word, and accurate syllabification is crucial for understanding its rhythm and stress.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Norwegian syllable division rules, which generally favor open syllables (syllables ending in a vowel) and avoid breaking up consonant clusters unless absolutely necessary, the word is divided as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- ut-: Prefix. Origin: Old Norse. Function: Indicates a process or result of something. (Similar to English "out-", but more broadly used for processes).
- viklings-: Root. Origin: Old Norse vikla (to wrap, twist, develop). Function: Relates to development, evolution, or unfolding.
- hemming: Suffix. Origin: Old Norse heimr (home, world) + -ing (forming verbal nouns). Function: Indicates a condition or state of being limited or restricted. In this context, it signifies a limitation in development.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the second syllable: "vik-". Norwegian generally stresses the first syllable of a compound word, but in longer compounds, stress can shift to the second syllable, especially when the first syllable is short.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ʉtˈvɪklɪŋʂhɛmɪŋ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Norwegian allows for some flexibility in syllabification, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the proposed division adheres to the principle of maximizing open syllables.
7. Grammatical Role:
"utviklingshemming" is primarily a noun. Its syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Intellectual disability; a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
- Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine gender, definite singular: utviklingshemmingen)
- Synonyms: Mental retardasjon (older, less preferred term), intellektuell funksjonsnedsettelse (more formal)
- Antonyms: Normal utvikling (normal development)
- Examples:
- "Han har en grad av utviklingshemming." (He has a degree of intellectual disability.)
- "Foreldrene søkte hjelp for barnets utviklingshemming." (The parents sought help for the child's intellectual disability.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- utdanning (education): ʉtˈdɑnɪŋ - Syllable division: ut-dan-ning. Similar structure with a prefix and root, stress on the second syllable.
- forandring (change): fɔˈrɑnːdrɪŋ - Syllable division: for-an-dring. Similar stress pattern and syllable structure.
- tilpassing (adaptation): tɪlˈpɑsɪŋ - Syllable division: til-pas-sing. Similar structure with a prefix and root, stress on the second syllable.
The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant and vowel sequences in each word. "utviklingshemming" has a more complex consonant cluster ("viklings-") which influences the division.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in Norwegian pronunciation exist, but they generally don't significantly alter the syllabification of this word. Some dialects might slightly reduce vowels in unstressed syllables.
11. Division Rules Applied:
- Onset Maximization: Consonant clusters are maintained as onsets whenever possible.
- Open Syllable Preference: Syllables are divided to create open syllables (ending in vowels) whenever feasible.
- Vowel-to-Vowel Separation: Vowel sequences are generally separated into different syllables.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.