Hyphenation ofczterdziestopięcioletniego
Syllable Division:
czter-dzie-sto-pięć-le-tni-ego
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈt͡ʂtɛr.d͡ʑɛ.stɔ.pjɛ̃.t͡ɕɔ.ˈlɛt.ɲɛ.ɡɔ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0001011
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-let-'), which is typical for Polish. The primary stress is indicated by '1', while '0' represents unstressed syllables.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Closed syllable, initial consonant cluster.
Open syllable, interfix.
Closed syllable, root.
Closed syllable, nasal vowel.
Open syllable, part of the root.
Closed syllable, part of the root.
Closed syllable, suffix, stressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: czter
Proto-Slavic *četyre* 'four', prefix indicating quantity.
Root: sto-pięć-oletni
Combination of roots denoting 'hundred', 'five', and 'year-old'.
Suffix: ego
Genitive singular masculine adjectival ending.
Relating to someone or something that is forty-five years old.
Translation: Forty-five-year-old
Examples:
"Mężczyzna był czterdziestopięcioletniego kierowcą."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar prefix structure with '-dzie-' interfix.
Similar prefix structure with '-dzie-' interfix.
Similar prefix structure with '-dzie-' interfix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
Polish syllabification prioritizes creating syllables with maximal onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning).
Vowel-Centric Syllables
Each syllable generally contains one vowel sound.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Complex consonant clusters are broken down based on sonority, with more sonorous sounds tending to form syllable nuclei.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The presence of nasal vowels influences syllable structure.
Polish allows for complex consonant clusters, requiring careful consideration during syllabification.
Regional variations in pronunciation might slightly affect syllable boundaries, but the core structure remains consistent.
Summary:
The word 'czterdziestopięcioletniego' is a complex Polish adjective meaning 'forty-five-year-old'. Syllabification follows Polish rules of onset maximization and vowel-centric syllables, resulting in the division 'czter-dzie-sto-pięć-le-tni-ego'. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-let-'). The word is built from a prefix, root, and suffix, reflecting its morphological complexity.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: czterdziestopięcioletniego
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "czterdziestopięcioletniego" is a highly inflected adjective meaning "forty-five-year-old" (masculine genitive singular). It's a complex word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters, typical of Polish, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which generally favor maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable), the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- czter-: Prefix, from Proto-Slavic četyre meaning "four".
- -dzie-: Interfix, connecting the prefix to the root.
- -sto-: Root, from Proto-Slavic stō meaning "hundred".
- -pięć: Root, meaning "five".
- -oletni-: Root, derived from rok (year), meaning "year-old".
- -ego: Suffix, genitive singular masculine adjectival ending.
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-let-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈt͡ʂtɛr.d͡ʑɛ.stɔ.pjɛ̃.t͡ɕɔ.ˈlɛt.ɲɛ.ɡɔ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Polish allows for complex consonant clusters, and the syllabification must account for these. The presence of nasal vowels (like /ɛ̃/) also influences the syllable structure.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the genitive singular masculine form. If used in a different case or gender, the ending would change, potentially affecting the final syllable. However, the core syllable structure would remain largely consistent.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to someone or something that is forty-five years old.
- Translation: Forty-five-year-old
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: (Descriptive phrases) mający czterdzieści pięć lat
- Antonyms: (Descriptive phrases) młody (young), stary (old)
- Examples: "Mężczyzna był czterdziestopięcioletniego kierowcą." (The man was a forty-five-year-old driver.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- pięćdziesięciu (fifty): pięć-dzie-się-ciu. Similar structure with prefix and root.
- trzydziestu (thirty): trzy-dzie-stu. Similar prefix structure.
- siedemdziesięciu (seventy): siedem-dzie-się-ciu. Similar prefix structure.
These words demonstrate the consistent use of the "-dzie-" interfix connecting prefixes to roots denoting decades. The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonants in each prefix.
10. Division Rules:
- Onset Maximization: Polish favors placing as many consonants as possible at the beginning of a syllable.
- Vowel-Centric Syllables: Each syllable generally contains one vowel.
- Consonant Cluster Resolution: Complex consonant clusters are broken down based on sonority (ease of articulation).
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.