Hyphenation ofdziewięćdziesięciokilogramowemu
Syllable Division:
dzie-więć-dzie-się-cio-ki-lo-gra-mo-we-mu
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔkʲilɔɡramɔˈvɛmu/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
01010000101
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-cie-'), as is typical in Polish. The primary stress is marked with '1', and unstressed syllables with '0'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, nasal vowel.
Open syllable, repetition of initial syllable structure.
Closed syllable, nasal vowel.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: dziewięć-
Native Polish, numeral prefix meaning 'nine'.
Root: dziesięci-
Native Polish, numeral stem meaning 'ten'.
Suffix: -kilogramowemu
Combination of international scientific root 'kilo-' and 'gram' with inflectional suffix '-owemu' indicating dative case, masculine animate gender.
Relating to or weighing ninety kilograms.
Translation: To a ninety-kilogram [object/person].
Examples:
"Ten pies ważył dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowemu mężczyźnie."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Complex numeral structure with similar inflectional endings.
Integration of international scientific vocabulary with Polish morphology.
Numeral prefix combined with a measurement unit and inflectional suffix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Consonant Cluster Preservation
Polish syllabification prioritizes keeping consonant clusters intact within a single syllable, even if it results in longer syllables.
Vowel-Based Division
Syllables are generally divided around vowel sounds. Each vowel typically forms the nucleus of a syllable.
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Syllables tend to follow a sonority sequencing principle, with sounds becoming more sonorous (louder) towards the syllable nucleus (vowel).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is common in Polish and affects pronunciation but not syllabification.
The presence of nasal vowels (/ɛ̃/) influences syllable structure.
Palatalization of consonants (e.g., /kʲ/) can affect syllable boundaries.
Summary:
The word 'dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowemu' is a complex Polish adjective formed from numeral and scientific roots with an inflectional suffix. Syllabification follows Polish rules prioritizing consonant cluster preservation and vowel-based division, with stress on the penultimate syllable. The word means 'to a ninety-kilogram [object/person]' and exemplifies the agglutinative nature of Polish morphology.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowemu
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowemu" is a highly inflected form of an adjective, meaning "to a ninety-kilogram [object/person]". It's a complex word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters, typical of Polish, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize preserving consonant clusters within syllables, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: dziewięć- (nine) - Native Polish, numeral prefix.
- Stem: -dziesięci- (ten) - Native Polish, numeral stem.
- Stem: -kilo- (kilo-) - International scientific vocabulary, from Greek khilioi (thousands).
- Stem: -gram- (gram) - International scientific vocabulary, from Greek gramma (weight).
- Suffix: -owemu - Inflectional suffix indicating dative case, masculine animate gender. Derived from Proto-Slavic.
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-cie-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔkʲilɔɡramɔˈvɛmu/
6. Edge Case Review:
Polish allows for complex consonant clusters, and this word exemplifies that. Syllabification must respect these clusters. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is also a key feature.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the dative case, modifying a masculine animate noun. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of the grammatical function, as it's based on phonological structure, not morphological role.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to or weighing ninety kilograms.
- Translation: To a ninety-kilogram [object/person].
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (declined)
- Synonyms: (Describing weight) - ważący dziewięćdziesiąt kilogramów
- Antonyms: (Describing weight) - ważący mniej niż dziewięćdziesiąt kilogramów
- Examples:
- "Ten pies ważył dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowemu mężczyźnie." (That dog weighed as much as a ninety-kilogram man.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- pięćdziesięciodwudziestolatkowi (to a fifty-two-year-old) - Similar complex structure with numeral components. Syllabification follows the same principles.
- trzykilogramowy (three-kilogram) - Demonstrates the integration of international scientific vocabulary with Polish morphology.
- czterdziestokilometrowemu (to a forty-kilometer) - Shows how numeral prefixes combine with measurement units.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.