Hyphenation ofdziewięćdziesięciokilogramowy
Syllable Division:
dzie-wię-ćd-zie-się-cio-ki-lo-gra-mo-wy
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔkʲilɔˈɡramɔvɨ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00010001001
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-cie-'), which is the standard stress pattern for Polish adjectives.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable of the word.
Open syllable, contains a nasal vowel.
Closed syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, contains a nasal vowel.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, contains a palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, final syllable of the word.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: dziewięć-
Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base meaning 'nine'.
Root: dziesięci-
Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base meaning 'ten'.
Suffix: -kilogramowy
Derived from 'kilo-' (international scientific vocabulary, from Greek) + 'gramowy' (gram-like, adjectival suffix).
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar structure with numeral + descriptive suffix.
Similar numeral + distance unit + suffix.
Similar numeral + descriptive suffix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Preference
Polish favors syllables ending in vowels (CV).
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken only when necessary to create open syllables.
Sonority Sequencing Principle
Within a syllable, consonants are ordered by decreasing sonority.
Stress Placement
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The numerous consonant clusters require careful application of the consonant cluster resolution rule.
Nasal vowels influence syllable structure and pronunciation.
Palatalization of consonants affects syllable boundaries.
Summary:
The word 'dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowy' is a complex Polish adjective. Syllabification follows the principles of open syllable preference and consonant cluster resolution, with stress on the penultimate syllable. It's formed from numeral bases and a descriptive suffix, indicating a weight of ninety kilograms.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowy
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowy" (nine hundred and ninety kilogram) is a complex adjective in Polish, formed through compounding and derivation. Its pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions, typical of Polish phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which generally favor open syllables (ending in a vowel) and avoid breaking consonant clusters unless absolutely necessary, the word is divided as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: dziewięć- (nine) - Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base.
- Stem: -dziesięci- (ten) - Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base.
- Stem: -kilo- (kilo-) - International scientific vocabulary, from Greek khilioi (thousands).
- Suffix: -gramowy (gram-like, pertaining to grams) - Derived from gram (gram) + -owy (adjectival suffix indicating belonging or characteristic).
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this word, the stress falls on the syllable "-cie-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔkʲilɔˈɡramɔvɨ/
6. Edge Case Review:
The word presents challenges due to the numerous consonant clusters (e.g., d͡ʑɛ̃t͡ɕ, kʲilɔ). Polish allows for relatively complex clusters, but syllabification aims to minimize their occurrence within syllables. The nasal vowels /ɛ̃/ and /ɔ̃/ also influence syllable structure.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. While Polish adjectives don't typically exhibit significant stress shifts based on grammatical function, inflectional endings could slightly alter perceived stress.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Weighing ninety kilograms; a ninety-kilogram (object).
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Translation: Ninety-kilogram
- Synonyms: (Descriptive) ciężki (heavy), obszerny (bulky)
- Antonyms: lekki (light)
- Examples: "Samochód ważył dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowy ciężar." (The car weighed a ninety-kilogram load.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- pięćdziesięciodolarowy (fifty-dollar): Syllable division: pie-ęć-dzie-się-cio-do-la-ro-wy. Similar structure with numeral + descriptive suffix.
- siedemdziesięciokilometrowy (seventy-kilometer): Syllable division: sie-dem-dzie-się-cio-ki-lo-me-tro-wy. Similar numeral + distance unit + suffix.
- trzydziesięciopiętrowy (thirty-story): Syllable division: trzy-dzie-się-cio-pię-tro-wy. Similar numeral + descriptive suffix.
The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant clusters and vowel sequences within each word. Polish syllabification prioritizes avoiding consonant clusters at the beginning of syllables where possible.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in pronunciation might affect vowel quality (e.g., nasal vowels) or consonant palatalization, but the core syllable division remains consistent.
11. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Open Syllable Preference: Polish favors open syllables (CV).
- Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken only when necessary to create open syllables.
- Rule 3: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Within a syllable, consonants are ordered by decreasing sonority.
- Rule 4: Stress Placement: Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.