Hyphenation ofdziewięćdziesięciokilogramowym

Polish Word Analysis: dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowym

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowym" is a highly inflected adjective meaning "ninety-kilogram" (specifically, in the instrumental case, masculine singular). It's a complex word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters, typical of Polish.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize preserving consonant clusters within syllables whenever possible, the division is as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: dziewięć- (nine) - Proto-Slavic origin. Numerical prefix.
• Stem: -dziesięć- (ten) - Proto-Slavic origin. Numerical stem.
• Stem: -kilo- (kilo-) - International scientific vocabulary, from Greek. Unit of measurement.
• Suffix: -gram- (gram) - International scientific vocabulary, from Greek. Unit of measurement.
• Suffix: -owy (adjectival suffix) - Polish origin. Forms an adjective.
• Suffix: -m - Polish origin. Instrumental case ending (masculine singular).

4. Stress Identification:

Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-cie-".

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕi kʲi.lɔ.ɡra.ˈmɔ.vɨm/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• dzie- /d͡ʑɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. No exceptions.
• więć- /vjɛ̃t͡ɕ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster "wię" followed by a vowel. Polish allows complex onsets. No exceptions.
• dzie- /d͡ʑɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. No exceptions.
• się- /ɕɛ̃/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster "się" followed by a vowel. No exceptions.
• cio- /t͡ɕi/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. No exceptions.
• ki- /kʲi/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. Palatalization of 'k' due to following 'i'.
• lo- /lɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. No exceptions.
• gra- /ɡra/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. No exceptions.
• mo- /mɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. No exceptions.
• wym /vɨm/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster "wym" at the end of the word. No exceptions.

7. Edge Case Review:

The word contains several consonant clusters, which are common in Polish but can be challenging for syllabification. The rule of maximizing onsets is applied, keeping clusters together within syllables whenever possible.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective in the instrumental case. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of the case or number.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowym
• Translation: ninety-kilogram (instrumental case, masculine singular)
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Synonyms: (Descriptive) ważącym dziewięćdziesiąt kilogramów (weighing ninety kilograms)
• Antonyms: (Descriptive) lekkim (light)
• Examples:
  • "Przedmiot ważył dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowym ciężarem." (The object weighed ninety kilograms.)
  • "Użyto dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowym obciążnikiem." (A ninety-kilogram weight was used.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in pronunciation are minimal for this word. However, some speakers might slightly reduce vowel sounds in unstressed syllables. This wouldn't significantly alter the syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• dwadzieścia (twenty) - dwa-dzie-ścia. Similar structure with numerical prefixes and suffixes.
• trzydziestokilogramowy (thirty-kilogram) - trzy-dzie-sto-ki-lo-gra-mo-wy. Similar structure, demonstrating consistent syllabification of numerical compounds.
• pięćdziesięciokilogramowy (fifty-kilogram) - pięć-dzie-się-cio-ki-lo-gra-mo-wy. Similar structure, showing how complex consonant clusters are handled within syllables.