Hyphenation ofdziewięćdziesięciokilogramową
Syllable Division:
dzie-więć-dzie-się-cio-ki-lo-gra-mo-wą
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔkʲilɔˈɡramɔvɐ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0101010101
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable (się).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset with palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, nasal vowel, primary stress.
Open syllable, onset with palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, nasal vowel, primary stress.
Open syllable, onset with palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, onset with palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: dziewięć-
Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base (nine)
Root: dziesięci-kilo-gram-
Proto-Slavic (ten), Greek (kilo-, gram), international scientific vocabulary
Suffix: -ową
Feminine instrumental singular ending, Slavic origin
weighing ninety kilograms
Translation: weighing ninety kilograms
Examples:
"Użyła torby dziewięćdziesięciokilogramową, żeby przenieść cement."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar complex morphology with numeral stems and suffixes.
Shares the *kilo-* and *-gram* root, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Similar structure with numeral stems and suffixes, consistent application of rules.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are formed based on the onset (initial consonant cluster) and rime (vowel and following consonants).
Consonant Cluster Preservation
Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a single syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Numerous consonant clusters require careful articulation.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants (d͡ʑ, t͡ɕ, kʲ).
Summary:
The word 'dziewięćdziesięciokilogramową' is a complex Polish adjective/noun with ten syllables, divided according to Polish syllabification rules prioritizing consonant cluster preservation. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It's formed from numeral stems, a scientific root, and a feminine instrumental suffix.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: dziewięćdziesięciokilogramową
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "dziewięćdziesięciokilogramową" is a highly inflected form of a noun/adjective describing something weighing ninety kilograms. It's a complex word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters, typical of Polish, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize preserving consonant clusters within syllables, the division is as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: dziewięć- (nine) - Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base.
- Stem: -dziesięci- (ten) - Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base.
- Stem: -kilo- (kilo-) - International scientific vocabulary, from Greek khilioi (thousands).
- Root: -gram- (gram) - International scientific vocabulary, from Greek gramma (weight).
- Suffix: -ową - Feminine instrumental singular ending. Indicates the instrument or means by which something is done. Slavic origin.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: dzie-więć-dzie-się-cio-ki-lo-gra-mo-wą.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔkʲilɔˈɡramɔvɐ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Description | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dzie | /d͡ʑɛ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'd͡ʑ' forms the onset, 'ɛ' the rime. | Open syllable. | 'd͡ʑ' is a palatalized consonant, common in Polish. |
| więć | /ˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕ/ | Onset-Rime: 'v' is the onset, 'jɛ̃' is the rime. Nasal vowel. | Closed syllable. | Nasal vowel 'ɛ̃' requires careful articulation. |
| dzie | /d͡ʑɛ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'd͡ʑ' forms the onset, 'ɛ' the rime. | Open syllable. | |
| się | /ˈɕɛ̃/ | Onset-Rime: 'ɕ' is the onset, 'ɛ̃' is the rime. Nasal vowel. | Open syllable. | Nasal vowel 'ɛ̃'. |
| cio | /ˈt͡ɕɔ/ | Onset-Rime: 't͡ɕ' is the onset, 'ɔ' is the rime. | Open syllable. | 't͡ɕ' is a palatalized consonant. |
| ki | /ˈkʲi/ | Onset-Rime: 'kʲ' is the onset, 'i' is the rime. | Open syllable. | 'kʲ' is a palatalized consonant. |
| lo | /ˈlɔ/ | Onset-Rime: 'l' is the onset, 'ɔ' is the rime. | Open syllable. | |
| gra | /ˈɡra/ | Onset-Rime: 'ɡ' is the onset, 'ra' is the rime. | Open syllable. | |
| mo | /ˈmɔ/ | Onset-Rime: 'm' is the onset, 'ɔ' is the rime. | Open syllable. | |
| wą | /ˈvɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'v' is the onset, 'ɐ' is the rime. | Open syllable. | Vowel reduction in unstressed syllable. |
7. Exceptions & Special Cases (Word-Level):
The word's length and complex morphology present challenges. The numerous consonant clusters require careful articulation. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Polish pronunciation.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:
The word is a feminine instrumental singular adjective/noun. If the word were in a different case or number, the suffix would change, potentially altering the final syllable. For example, the nominative singular feminine form "dziewięćdziesięciokilogramowa" would have a different final syllable: "-wa".
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: dziewięćdziesięciokilogramową
- Part of Speech: Adjective/Noun (feminine, instrumental singular)
- Definitions:
- "weighing ninety kilograms"
- "of ninety kilograms"
- Translation: "weighing ninety kilograms"
- Synonyms: (depending on context) - "ważącą dziewięćdziesiąt kilogramów" (weighing ninety kilograms)
- Antonyms: (depending on context) - "lekką" (light)
- Examples:
- "Użyła torby dziewięćdziesięciokilogramową, żeby przenieść cement." (She used a ninety-kilogram bag to carry the cement.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist, but the core syllabification remains consistent. Some speakers might pronounce the 'ę' as a more open vowel.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| pięćdziesięciodolarową (fifty-dollar) | pięć-dzie-się-cio-do-la-ro-wą | Similar complex morphology with numeral stems and suffixes. |
| dwudziestokilogramowy (twenty-kilogram) | dwu-dzie-sto-ki-lo-gra-mo-wy | Shares the kilo- and -gram root, demonstrating consistent syllabification of these elements. |
| siedemdziesięciokilogramowa (seventy-kilogram) | sie-dzem-dzie-się-cio-ki-lo-gra-mo-wa | Similar structure with numeral stems and suffixes, showing consistent application of syllabification rules. |
These comparisons demonstrate that the syllabification rules applied to "dziewięćdziesięciokilogramową" are consistent with other complex Polish words featuring similar morphological structures.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.