Hyphenation ofdziewięćdziesięcioletniej
Syllable Division:
dzie-wię-ćd-zie-się-co-le-tniej
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔˈlɛtɲɛj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
01001011
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-let-'), indicated by '1'. All other syllables are unstressed ('0').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial affricate.
Open syllable, nasal vowel.
Closed syllable, complex consonant cluster.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, nasal vowel.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant, final consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: dziewięć-
Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base 'nine'.
Root: -dziesięć-
Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base 'ten', fused with prefix.
Suffix: -ej
Polish origin, genitive singular feminine adjectival ending.
Relating to the age of ninety years.
Translation: ninety-year-old
Examples:
"Pamięć dziewięćdziesięcioletniej babci była niezwykła."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar initial consonant clusters and stress pattern.
Similar initial consonant clusters and stress pattern.
Similar initial consonant clusters and stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Consonant Cluster Preservation
Polish avoids breaking up consonant clusters unless absolutely necessary, maintaining the integrity of the phonological units.
Penultimate Stress
Stress consistently falls on the second-to-last syllable in Polish words.
Vowel-Based Syllabification
Syllables are constructed around vowel sounds, with consonants assigned to the adjacent syllable.
Affricate Treatment
Affricates (d͡ʑ, t͡ɕ, ɕ) are treated as single phonemes for syllabification, simplifying the process.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The complex consonant clusters (e.g., ćd, d͡ʑ) require careful consideration to ensure accurate syllabification.
Nasal vowels (/ɛ̃/, /ɔ̃/) influence syllable structure but do not alter the basic syllabification rules.
The word's length and morphological complexity necessitate a detailed analysis of each morpheme.
Summary:
The word 'dziewięćdziesięcioletniej' is a complex Polish adjective meaning 'ninety-year-old'. It's syllabified as dzie-wię-ćd-zie-się-co-le-tniej, with stress on the penultimate syllable. The analysis considers consonant cluster preservation, vowel-based syllabification, and the treatment of affricates. The word is morphologically complex, built from a prefix, root, and multiple suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: dziewięćdziesięcioletniej
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "dziewięćdziesięcioletniej" is a highly inflected Polish adjective meaning "ninety-year-old" (feminine genitive singular). It's a complex word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters, typical of Polish, and requires careful attention to vowel quality and nasal vowels.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize preserving consonant clusters within syllables whenever possible, the word is divided as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: dziewięć- (nine) - Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base.
- Root: -dziesięć- (ten) - Proto-Slavic origin, numeral base. This is fused with the prefix in modern Polish.
- Suffix: -oletni- (year-old) - Derived from rok (year) via a complex process involving suffixes indicating age. Polish origin.
- Suffix: -ej - Genitive singular feminine adjectival ending. Polish origin.
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-let-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔˈlɛtɲɛj/
6. Edge Case Review:
Polish syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The clusters d͡ʑ, t͡ɕ, ɕ are treated as single units. Nasal vowels /ɛ̃/ and /ɔ̃/ are also important considerations. The presence of dz and d͡ʑ requires careful analysis.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. If it were part of a verb construction (hypothetically), the stress would remain on the penultimate syllable, but the syllabification might be slightly different depending on the verb form.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: dziewięćdziesięcioletniej
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (feminine genitive singular)
- Translation: ninety-year-old (feminine genitive singular)
- Synonyms: (None readily available as it's a specific age)
- Antonyms: młodej (young - feminine genitive singular)
- Examples:
- "Pamięć dziewięćdziesięcioletniej babci była niezwykła." (The memory of the ninety-year-old grandmother was extraordinary.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- dwadzieścia (twenty) - dwa-dzie-ścia. Similar initial consonant clusters. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- trzydziestu (thirty) - trzy-dzie-stu. Similar initial consonant clusters. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- pięćdziesiąt (fifty) - pięć-dzie-siąt. Similar initial consonant clusters. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
These words demonstrate the consistent application of penultimate stress and the handling of initial consonant clusters in Polish syllabification. The length of the word and the complexity of the suffixes are the main differences.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel pronunciation might exist, but they generally don't affect the syllabification. Some speakers might slightly reduce the nasal vowels, but the syllable boundaries remain the same.
11. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Consonant Cluster Preservation: Polish generally avoids breaking up consonant clusters unless absolutely necessary.
- Rule 2: Penultimate Stress: Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
- Rule 3: Vowel-Based Syllabification: Syllables are built around vowels.
- Rule 4: Affricate Treatment: Affricates (d͡ʑ, t͡ɕ, ɕ) are treated as single phonemes for syllabification purposes.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.