Hyphenation ofdziewięćdziesięcioletniemu

Polish Word Analysis: dziewięćdziesięcioletniemu

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "dziewięćdziesięcioletniemu" is a highly inflected Polish adjective in the dative case, masculine singular. It means "to a ninety-year-old (man)". Its pronunciation is complex due to the presence of nasal vowels, consonant clusters, and palatalization.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Polish syllabification rules, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):

dziewięć-dziesię-cio-le-tniemu

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: dziewięć- (nine) - Native Polish, numeral prefix.
• Root: -dziesięć- (ten) - Native Polish, numeral root.
• Interfix: -cio- - Native Polish, combines numerals to form compound numbers.
• Suffix: -oletni- (year-old) - Native Polish, derived from rok (year).
• Suffix: -emu - Polish inflectional suffix, dative case, masculine singular.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: dziesię.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕ d͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔlɛtˈɲɛmu/

6. Syllable Analysis & Rule Application:

• dziewięć /d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. The 'ę' represents a nasal vowel.
• dziesię /d͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken according to sonority hierarchy, but 'dz' is treated as a single unit.
• cio /t͡ɕɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel follows consonant.
• le /lɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel follows consonant.
• tniemu /tˈɲɛmu/ - Open syllable. Rule: Palatalized consonant 'ń' forms a syllable with the following vowel.

7. Edge Case Review:

Polish syllabification generally avoids leaving a single consonant as a syllable on its own. The 't' in 'tniemu' is part of the final syllable because it's followed by a vowel. The nasal vowels 'ę' require special consideration, as they represent a vowel sound with a nasal component.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. If it were part of a compound noun, the stress pattern might shift slightly, but the syllable division would remain largely the same.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: dziewięćdziesięcioletniemu
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Definitions:
  • "to a ninety-year-old (man)"
  • Translation: "to a ninety-year-old (man)"
• Synonyms: (None readily available as it's a specific age)
• Antonyms: (None readily available as it's a specific age)
• Examples:
  • "Podarowano prezent dziewięćdziesięcioletniemu dziadkowi." (A gift was given to the ninety-year-old grandfather.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in pronunciation might affect the degree of palatalization of consonants, but the core syllable division remains consistent. Some speakers might slightly reduce the nasalization of the 'ę' vowels.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• pięćdziesięciu (fifty) - pięć-dziesię-ciu. Similar structure with numeral components.
• siedemdziesięciokilkuletniemu (to a seventy-something-year-old) - siedem-dziesię-cio-kil-ku-le-tniemu. Demonstrates the compounding of numerals and the consistent application of the -emu suffix.
• trzydziestodwuletniemu (to a thirty-two-year-old) - trzy-dzie-sto-dwa-le-tniemu. Shows how the interfix -sto- functions in forming compound numbers.

The syllable division rules are consistently applied across these examples, with vowels forming the nuclei of syllables and consonant clusters being broken according to sonority. The inflectional suffix -emu consistently forms a final syllable.