Hyphenation ofdziewięćdziesięciominutowymi
Syllable Division:
dzie-wię-ćd-zie-się-cio-mi-nu-to-wy-mi
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔmʲinutɔˈvɨmi/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
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Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('to' in 'minuto-'), as is typical in Polish. The stress is primary (1).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, contains nasal vowel.
Closed syllable, contains palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, contains nasal vowel.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open, stressed syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: dziewięć-
Native Polish, numeral prefix meaning 'nine'.
Root: minuto-
Borrowed from Latin 'minutus' meaning 'minute'.
Suffix: -owymi
Native Polish, inflectional suffix indicating instrumental plural, masculine/non-masculine.
Ninety-minute
Translation: Ninety-minute
Examples:
"Uczestniczyliśmy w dziewięćdziesięciominutowymi wykładach."
"Zorganizowaliśmy dziewięćdziesięciominutowymi przerwami."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar structure: numeral + noun + inflectional suffixes.
Numeral + noun + inflectional suffixes, demonstrating consistent syllabification patterns.
Numeral + noun + inflectional suffixes, showing how Polish handles complex word formation.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Consonant Cluster Preservation
Polish avoids breaking up consonant clusters within syllables whenever possible. This is evident in syllables like 'ćd' and 'się'.
Vowel-Based Division
Syllables are generally formed around vowel sounds. Each vowel (or diphthong) typically forms the nucleus of a syllable.
Penultimate Stress
Polish stress typically falls on the penultimate syllable, influencing the perception of syllable boundaries.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The word contains several consonant clusters, which are common in Polish but require careful consideration during syllabification.
The presence of nasal vowels (/ɛ̃/, /ɔ̃/) influences syllable structure.
The inflectional suffixes contribute significantly to the word's length and complexity.
Summary:
The word 'dziewięćdziesięciominutowymi' is a complex Polish adjective meaning 'ninety-minute' (instrumental plural). It's syllabified based on vowel sounds and consonant cluster preservation, with stress on the penultimate syllable. The word is built from a numeral prefix, stems, and multiple inflectional suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: dziewięćdziesięciominutowymi
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "dziewięćdziesięciominutowymi" is a highly inflected Polish adjective meaning "ninety-minute" (plural, instrumental case, masculine/non-masculine). It's a complex word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters, typical of Polish.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize preserving consonant clusters within syllables, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: dziewięć- (nine) - Native Polish, numeral prefix.
- Stem: -dziesięci- (ten) - Native Polish, numeral stem.
- Stem: -minuto- (minute) - Borrowed from Latin minutus (reduced, small).
- Suffix: -wy- (forming adjectives from numerals) - Native Polish.
- Suffix: -mi- (inflectional, part of the instrumental plural ending) - Native Polish.
- Suffix: -ni- (inflectional, part of the instrumental plural ending) - Native Polish.
- Suffix: -owymi- (inflectional, instrumental plural, masculine/non-masculine) - Native Polish.
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on -to- in -minuto-
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔmʲinutɔˈvɨmi/
6. Edge Case Review:
Polish allows for complex consonant clusters, and this word exemplifies that. Syllabification aims to break the word in a way that minimizes these clusters within syllables. The nasal vowels /ɛ̃/ and /ɔ̃/ are common in Polish and influence syllable structure.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. While Polish adjectives can sometimes be nominalized, the syllabification remains consistent.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Ninety-minute (plural, instrumental case, masculine/non-masculine).
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Translation: Ninety-minute
- Synonyms: (Descriptive) Długie (long), dziewięćdziesięciominutowe (nominative form)
- Antonyms: Krótkie (short)
- Examples:
- "Uczestniczyliśmy w dziewięćdziesięciominutowymi wykładach." (We attended ninety-minute lectures.)
- "Zorganizowaliśmy dziewięćdziesięciominutowymi przerwami." (We organized ninety-minute breaks.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- pięciogroszowymi (five-groschen): pię-cio-gro-szo-wy-mi. Similar structure with numeral + noun + inflection.
- dwudziestopięciolatkami (twenty-five-year-olds): dwu-dzie-sto-pię-cio-la-tka-mi. Again, numeral + noun + inflection.
- trzyczęściowymi (three-part): trzy-czę-ścio-wy-mi. Numeral + noun + inflection.
The key difference is the length and complexity of the numeral component. "dziewięćdziesięciominutowymi" has a longer numeral base, leading to a more extended word and more syllables.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in Polish pronunciation are relatively minor and wouldn't significantly alter the syllabification. Some speakers might slightly reduce vowel sounds in unstressed syllables, but the core syllable structure remains the same.
11. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Consonant Cluster Preservation: Polish generally avoids breaking up consonant clusters across syllable boundaries.
- Rule 2: Vowel-Based Division: Syllables are typically formed around vowel sounds.
- Rule 3: Penultimate Stress: Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of dividing words across lines in print or on websites. It involves inserting hyphens (-) where a word breaks to continue on the next line.
Proper hyphenation improves readability by reducing the unevenness of word spacing and unnecessary large gaps. It also helps avoid confusion that may occur when part of a word carries over. Ideal hyphenation should break words according to pronunciation and syllables. Most word processors and publishing apps have automated tools to handle hyphenation effectively based on language rules and dictionaries. Though subtle, proper hyphenation improves overall typography and reading comfort.