Hyphenation ofniedziewięćdziesięcioletnim

Polish Word Analysis: "niedziewięćdziesięcioletnim"

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "niedziewięćdziesięcioletnim" is a complex Polish adjective meaning "ninety-year-old" (masculine instrumental singular). It's formed through a series of prefixes and suffixes attached to a numerical root. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters, typical of Polish, and requires careful attention to vowel quality and palatalization.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize preserving consonant clusters within syllables whenever possible, the word is divided as follows (see JSON output for the exact orthographic representation).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: nie- (origin: Proto-Slavic; function: negation, forming an adjective meaning 'not X years old' in this context, though it's more complex due to the numerical root)
• Root: dziewięćdziesiąt- (origin: Proto-Slavic; function: numerical root meaning 'ninety') - derived from dziewięć (nine) and dziesiąt (ten).
• Suffix: -oletni- (origin: Slavic; function: adjective-forming suffix indicating age, 'X-year-old')
• Suffix: -im (origin: Slavic; function: instrumental case ending, masculine singular)

4. Stress Identification:

Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-dziesię-".

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ɲɛd͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔˈlɛtɲim/

6. Edge Case Review:

The word presents challenges due to the numerous consonant clusters (e.g., dziewięćdziesięc). Polish allows for complex syllable codas (consonant clusters at the end of a syllable). The nasal vowels /ɛ̃/ are also important to note.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective in the instrumental case, masculine singular. If used in a different case or gender, the suffix would change, potentially affecting the syllable division slightly (e.g., the nominative singular "niedziewięćdziesięcioletni" would have a slightly different stress pattern).

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Ninety-year-old (masculine, instrumental singular)
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Translation: Ninety-year-old
• Synonyms: (None readily available as it's a specific age)
• Antonyms: młody (young)
• Examples:
  • "Był człowiekiem niedziewięćdziesięcioletnim." (He was a ninety-year-old man.)
  • "Rozmawialiśmy z niedziewięćdziesięcioletnim profesorem." (We talked to a ninety-year-old professor.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• dwudziestopięcioletni (twenty-five-year-old): dvu-dzie-sto-pięć-le-tni. Similar structure with numerical roots and age suffixes.
• trzydziestosiedmioletni (thirty-seven-year-old): trzy-dzie-sto-siedem-le-tni. Again, similar structure.
• czterdziestodwuletni (forty-two-year-old): cze-ter-dzie-sto-dvu-le-tni. Demonstrates the consistent pattern of syllable division within numerical adjectives. The differences arise from the specific numerical roots and the resulting consonant clusters.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Consonant Cluster Preservation: Polish generally preserves consonant clusters within syllables. This is evident in dziewięćdziesięc where the dz and ść clusters remain intact.
• Rule 2: Vowel-Based Division: Syllables are typically formed around vowels. Each vowel sound generally forms the nucleus of a syllable.
• Rule 3: Penultimate Stress: Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.

11. Special Considerations:

The word is exceptionally long and complex, making it a challenging case for syllabification. The nasal vowels /ɛ̃/ require careful consideration. Regional variations in pronunciation might exist, but they generally don't alter the core syllabification rules.