Hyphenation ofpięćdziesięciokilkuletniej
Syllable Division:
pięć-dzie-się-cio-ki-lku-le-tniej
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pjɛɲt͡ɕ‿djɛɕɛ̃ɲt͡ɕɔˈkilkuˈlɛtɲɛj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
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Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-let-'), which is the standard stress pattern in Polish.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial consonant cluster 'pj', nasal vowel.
Open syllable, initial consonant cluster 'dz'.
Open syllable, nasal vowel 'ę'.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant 'ć'.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster 'lk'.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant 'ń'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: pięć
Numeral prefix meaning 'five', Proto-Slavic origin.
Root: dziesięć
Root meaning 'ten', Proto-Slavic origin.
Suffix: -kilkuletniej
Combination of suffixes indicating 'several years old' and genitive feminine singular ending.
Of several or a few dozen years old.
Translation: Of several dozen years old
Examples:
"Książka opowiada o historii kobiety pięćdziesięciokilkuletniej."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares numeral components and similar structure.
Contains the '-kilku-' element.
Similar adjectival formation with numeral roots.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Preference
Polish favors open syllables (CV) whenever possible.
Consonant Cluster Handling
Consonant clusters are maintained within a syllable unless they are exceptionally complex.
Vowel-Based Division
Syllables are often divided around vowels.
Linking Vowels
Linking vowels like '-i-' create separate syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The complex consonant clusters 'dz', 'ci', 'lk', and 'tɲ' required careful consideration to avoid disrupting the natural flow of pronunciation.
The nasal vowel 'ę' influences syllable weight and pronunciation.
Summary:
The word 'pięćdziesięciokilkuletniej' is a complex Polish adjective syllabified based on open syllable preference and consonant cluster handling. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It's formed from numeral roots and suffixes, indicating 'of several dozen years old'.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: "pięćdziesięciokilkuletniej"
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "pięćdziesięciokilkuletniej" is a highly inflected Polish adjective in the genitive singular feminine form. It's a complex word built from multiple morphemes. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and nasal vowels, typical of Polish.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which generally favor open syllables (CV) and avoid breaking consonant clusters unless absolutely necessary, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- pięć-: Numeral prefix meaning "five" (origin: Proto-Slavic *pętь).
- dziesięć-: Root meaning "ten" (origin: Proto-Slavic *desętь).
- -i-: Linking vowel, connecting the numeral components (origin: Polish grammatical convention).
- -kilku-: Indicates "several, a few" (origin: Proto-Slavic *kilьkъ).
- -letni-: Root meaning "year-old" (origin: Proto-Slavic *lětъ).
- -ej: Adjectival suffix indicating quality or characteristic (origin: Polish grammatical convention).
- -niej: Genitive singular feminine ending (origin: Polish grammatical convention).
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-let-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pjɛɲt͡ɕ‿djɛɕɛ̃ɲt͡ɕɔˈkilkuˈlɛtɲɛj/
6. Edge Case Review:
The consonant clusters "dz", "ci", "lk", and "tɲ" require careful consideration. Polish allows for complex clusters, but syllabification aims to minimize their disruption. The nasal vowel "ę" also influences syllable weight.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. While Polish adjectives can sometimes be nominalized, the syllabification remains consistent.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: "Of several or a few dozen years old."
- Translation: "Of several dozen years old"
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (genitive singular feminine)
- Synonyms: "w wieku kilkudziesięciu lat" (at the age of several dozen years)
- Antonyms: "młodej" (young - feminine genitive singular)
- Examples: "Książka opowiada o historii kobiety pięćdziesięciokilkuletniej." (The book tells the story of a woman in her fifties.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- pięćdziesiąt (fifty): pięć-dzia-sąt. Similar structure with numeral components.
- kilkanaście (a dozen or so): kil-ka-naś-cie. Shares the "-kilku-" element.
- dwudziestolatek (twenty-year-old): dwu-dzie-sto-la-tek. Similar adjectival formation with numeral roots.
The differences in syllable division arise from the varying consonant clusters and vowel qualities within each word. The presence of nasal vowels and palatalized consonants also influences the syllable structure.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in pronunciation might affect the realization of certain sounds (e.g., palatalization of consonants), but the core syllable division remains largely consistent.
11. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Open Syllable Preference: Polish favors open syllables (CV).
- Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Handling: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless they are exceptionally complex or disrupt the flow of pronunciation.
- Rule 3: Vowel-Based Division: Syllables are often divided around vowels.
- Rule 4: Linking Vowels: Linking vowels like "-i-" create separate syllables.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.