Hyphenation ofapeçonhentar-lhe-emos

Linguistic Analysis of "apeçonhentar-lhe-emos" (Portuguese)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "apeçonhentar-lhe-emos" is a complex verb form in Portuguese, specifically the future subjunctive of the verb "apeçonhentar." It's a relatively uncommon verb, meaning "to make someone feel embarrassed or ashamed." Pronunciation involves careful attention to nasal vowels and the linking of clitic pronouns.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Portuguese syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters): a-pe-ço-nhen-tar-lhe-e-mos

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: a- (Latin) - Indicates the beginning of the verb and often implies a sense of action towards something.
• Root: peçonh- (uncertain origin, possibly related to "peçonha" - venom, poison, suggesting a stinging or hurtful action) - The core meaning relating to causing discomfort.
• Suffixes:
  • -entar (Latin - are) - Verb-forming suffix, creating an infinitive.
  • -ar (Latin - are) - Infinitive ending.
  • -lhe- (Portuguese) - Indirect object pronoun (to him/her/it/them). Clitic pronoun.
  • -emos (Portuguese) - Future subjunctive ending, indicating the future subjunctive mood and first-person plural subject.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable of the root: a-pe-ço-nhen-tar-lhe-e-mos. This is due to the general rule that Portuguese words are stressed on the penultimate syllable if they end in a vowel, 'n', or 's'.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ɐ.pɛ.sõ.ˈẽj.tɐɾ.ʎɨ.ˈe.muʃ/

6. Edge Case Review:

The presence of the clitic pronoun "-lhe-" attached to the verb creates a potential edge case. However, Portuguese allows for enclitic pronouns to be directly attached to the verb, forming a single prosodic word. The syllabification respects this attachment.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is exclusively a verb form. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: To cause someone to feel embarrassed, ashamed, or humiliated.
• Translation: To mortify, to shame, to make someone feel awkward.
• Grammatical Category: Verb (Future Subjunctive)
• Synonyms: envergonhar, humilhar, constranger
• Antonyms: elogiar, honrar, valorizar
• Examples:
  • "Espero não o apeçonhentar-lhe-emos com a pergunta." (I hope we don't embarrass him with the question.)
  • "Se ele não se comportar, apeçonhentar-lhe-emos na frente de todos." (If he doesn't behave, we will shame him in front of everyone.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• "apresentar" (to present): a-pre-sen-tar. Similar syllable structure in the initial syllables. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable, like "apeçonhentar."
• "acontecer" (to happen): a-con-te-cer. Shares the initial "a-" prefix and similar vowel patterns. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
• "compreender" (to understand): com-pre-en-der. Demonstrates a different syllable structure due to the consonant clusters, but still adheres to the penultimate stress rule.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Brazilian Portuguese might exhibit slight variations in vowel pronunciation (e.g., a more open /ɛ/ in "peçonhentar"). However, the syllabification remains consistent.

11. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Vowel Separation: Vowels generally form separate syllables (e.g., a-pe, lhe-e).
• Rule 2: Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters are broken according to sonority (e.g., nhen).
• Rule 3: Penultimate Stress: Words ending in vowels, 'n', or 's' are stressed on the penultimate syllable.
• Rule 4: Clitic Pronoun Attachment: Clitic pronouns attached to verbs are treated as part of the verb for syllabification purposes.