Hyphenation ofcalcografar-nos-emos

Linguistic Analysis of "calcografar-nos-emos" (Portuguese)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "calcografar-nos-emos" is a conjugated verb form in Portuguese. It's a relatively complex word, formed by combining a verb stem with multiple pronominal clitics. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel quality and nasalization, common in Portuguese.

2. Syllable Division:

The syllable division, adhering strictly to the original orthography, is: cal-co-gra-far-nos-e-mos

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: None
• Root: calcografar (from Latin calco "to press, imprint" + Greek grapho "to write"). This is a compound verb meaning "to engrave" or "to lithograph".
• Suffixes/Clitics:
  • -nos (Pronoun clitic, 1st person plural, "we"). Origin: Latin nos. Morphological function: Subject pronoun.
  • -emos (Future tense marker + 1st person plural verb ending). Origin: Latin -emus. Morphological function: Tense/mood and person marking.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the second-to-last syllable of the verb stem: cal-co-gra-far-nos-e-mos. This is consistent with the general rule that words ending in a vowel are stressed on the penultimate syllable.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/kal.ko.ɡɾɐ.ˈfaɾ.nɔʃ.ˈe.muʃ/

6. Edge Case Review:

The combination of clitic pronouns (-nos, -emos) attached to the verb stem can sometimes lead to ambiguity in spoken language, but the written form clearly delineates the syllables. The 'r' before 'nos' is a key point, as it's a consonant that can create a syllable boundary.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is a verb in the future subjunctive mood, 1st person plural. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of the tense or mood.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: To engrave, to lithograph (future subjunctive, 1st person plural).
• Grammatical Category: Verb
• Translation: We will engrave / We will lithograph
• Synonyms: gravar, litografar
• Antonyms: apagar (to erase)
• Examples:
  • "Nós calcografaremos os desenhos para a exposição." (We will engrave the drawings for the exhibition.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• fotografar (to photograph): fo-to-gra-far. Similar structure with a compound verb and the "-far" ending. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable.
• graficar (to chart): gra-fi-car. Shorter, but shares the "graf-" root and the "-ar" ending. Stress on the first syllable.
• caligrafar (to write calligraphy): ca-li-gra-far. Similar structure to calcografar, with the "graf-" root and "-far" ending. Stress on the penultimate syllable.

The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the initial consonant cluster in "calcografar" (cl-) versus the single consonants in the other words.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Vowel-Consonant (VC): Syllables are typically divided after a vowel followed by a consonant (e.g., cal-co).
• Rule 2: Consonant-Vowel (CV): Syllables are divided before a vowel preceded by a consonant (e.g., gra-far).
• Rule 3: Diphthongs/Triphthongs: Diphthongs and triphthongs are generally kept within the same syllable.
• Rule 4: Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters are broken according to sonority hierarchy, but in this case, the cluster 'cl' remains intact within the first syllable.
• Rule 5: Pronoun Clitics: Pronoun clitics are treated as separate syllables when attached to the verb.

11. Special Considerations:

The presence of the nasal vowel /ɔ/ in "nos" and the final /ʃ/ sound in "emos" require careful pronunciation. The 'r' before 'nos' is a key syllable divider.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Brazilian Portuguese might exhibit slight variations in vowel quality and nasalization, but the syllable division remains consistent.

13. Short Analysis:

"Calcografar-nos-emos" is a future subjunctive verb form meaning "we will engrave." It's divided into seven syllables: cal-co-gra-far-nos-e-mos, with stress on "far." The word is composed of the root "calcografar" and the clitic pronouns "-nos" and "-emos." Syllabification follows standard Portuguese rules of vowel-consonant and consonant-vowel separation.