Hyphenation ofcafenie-închisă
Syllable Division:
ca-fe-ni-e-în-chi-să
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ka.feˈni.e ɨnˈki.sə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0001011
Primary stress falls on the final syllable ('să') of 'închisă', making it the penultimate syllable of the entire word.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, final syllable of 'cafenie'.
Closed syllable, initial syllable of 'închisă'.
Closed syllable.
Closed syllable, stressed syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: în-
Romanian prefix derived from Latin 'in-', indicating completion or state.
Root: cafe/chis
Root 'cafe' from Ottoman Turkish 'kahve' (Arabic 'qahwa'); root 'chis' from Latin 'clausus'.
Suffix: -nie/-ă
'-nie' is a Romanian noun-forming suffix; '-ă' is a feminine singular ending.
Describing a café that is not open for business.
Translation: Closed café
Examples:
"Am văzut o cafeneie-închisă pe colț."
"Cafeneia-închisă va fi redeschisă mâine."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar compound structure with 'închisă'.
Similar compound structure with 'închisă'.
Similar compound structure, differing in the final component's gender.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-based Syllabification
Syllables are formed around vowel sounds, creating open syllables where possible.
Consonant Cluster Handling
Consonant clusters are split based on sonority, separating less sonorous consonants.
Compound Word Rule
Hyphenated compound words are treated as separate units for syllabification.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The hyphenated nature of the compound word requires treating it as two separate units for syllabification.
Minor regional variations in vowel pronunciation (e.g., schwa reduction) may occur but do not affect the core syllable division.
Summary:
The word 'cafenie-închisă' is a compound adjective meaning 'closed café'. It is syllabified as 'ca-fe-ni-e-în-chi-să', with stress on the final syllable ('să'). The word is morphologically composed of a root from Turkish/Arabic ('cafe'), a noun-forming suffix ('-nie'), a prefix from Latin ('în-'), a root from Latin ('chis'), and a feminine singular ending ('-ă'). Syllabification follows vowel-based rules and handles the compound structure appropriately.
Detailed Analysis:
Romanian Word Analysis: "cafenie-închisă"
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "cafenie-închisă" is a compound word in Romanian, meaning "closed café". It's formed by combining "cafenie" (café) and "închisă" (closed - feminine singular). The pronunciation involves a mix of open and closed syllables, with stress falling on the penultimate syllable of the second component ("în-chi-să").
2. Syllable Division:
Following Romanian syllabification rules, the word divides as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- cafenie:
- Root: "cafe" (coffee) - borrowed from French "café", ultimately from Ottoman Turkish "kahve", originating from Arabic "qahwa".
- Suffix: "-nie" - Romanian suffix forming nouns denoting places or establishments related to the root.
- închisă:
- Prefix: "în-" - Romanian prefix indicating a completed action or state (derived from Latin "in-").
- Root: "chis" - Romanian root meaning "to close" (derived from Latin "clausus").
- Suffix: "-ă" - Feminine singular ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable of the second component: "în-chi-să".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ka.feˈni.e ɨnˈki.sə/
6. Edge Case Review:
The hyphenated nature of the compound word presents a slight edge case. While Romanian generally avoids hyphenated words, compound nouns are sometimes written this way, especially when the components are relatively distinct. The syllabification treats the hyphen as a syllable break point.
7. Grammatical Role:
"cafenie-închisă" functions as an adjective, describing a café that is closed. The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its use as an adjective.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: "cafenie-închisă"
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- English Translation: Closed café
- Synonyms: (rarely used) "cafenea închisă" (café closed)
- Antonyms: "cafenie deschisă" (open café)
- Examples:
- "Am văzut o cafeneie-închisă pe colț." (I saw a closed café on the corner.)
- "Cafeneia-închisă va fi redeschisă mâine." (The closed café will reopen tomorrow.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- librărie-închisă (closed bookstore): li.brăˈri.e ɨnˈki.sə - Similar syllable structure, stress pattern.
- florărie-închisă (closed flower shop): flo.ˈră.ri.e ɨnˈki.sə - Similar syllable structure, stress pattern.
- restaurant-închis (closed restaurant): res.to.ˈrant ɨnˈkiʃ - Similar structure, but the final component is masculine, affecting the ending.
10. Syllable Division Rules Applied:
- Vowel-based division: Syllables are generally formed around vowel sounds.
- Consonant cluster handling: Consonant clusters are split according to sonority hierarchy, favoring the separation of less sonorous consonants.
- Compound word rule: Hyphenated compound words are treated as separate units for syllabification.
11. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in Romanian pronunciation are minimal for this word. However, some speakers might slightly reduce the vowel in "închisă" to a schwa /ə/. This wouldn't significantly alter the syllable division.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of dividing words across lines in print or on websites. It involves inserting hyphens (-) where a word breaks to continue on the next line.
Proper hyphenation improves readability by reducing the unevenness of word spacing and unnecessary large gaps. It also helps avoid confusion that may occur when part of a word carries over. Ideal hyphenation should break words according to pronunciation and syllables. Most word processors and publishing apps have automated tools to handle hyphenation effectively based on language rules and dictionaries. Though subtle, proper hyphenation improves overall typography and reading comfort.