Hyphenation ofантиправительственную
Syllable Division:
ан-ти-пра-ви-тель-ствен-ную
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɐnʲtʲɪprɐˈvʲɪtʲɪlʲst͡vʲɪnːuju/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000100
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('тель').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, primary stressed.
Closed syllable, geminated /n/.
Closed syllable, geminated /n/.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: анти-
Greek origin, negation
Root: прав-
Slavic origin, 'govern'
Suffix: -итель-ственн-ую
Slavic origin, agentive, adjectival, feminine singular
Relating to opposition to the government.
Translation: Anti-governmental
Examples:
"Антиправительственную деятельность"
"Она выразила антиправительственную позицию."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar root and suffix structure.
Identical root and suffix structure.
Complex prefixation, similar suffix structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
Consonant Clusters
Consonant clusters allow for syllable closure.
Stress Placement
Stress influences syllable prominence and vowel reduction.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Gemination of /n/ in 'ствен-ную' due to suffixation.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of Russian pronunciation.
Summary:
The word 'антиправительственную' is a complex adjective syllabified into seven syllables (ан-ти-пра-ви-тель-ствен-ную) with primary stress on 'тель'. It's formed from a Greek prefix, a Slavic root, and multiple Slavic suffixes. Syllable division follows vowel-centered rules, allowing for consonant clusters and accounting for gemination and vowel reduction.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "антиправительственную" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "антиправительственную" is a long, complex adjective meaning "anti-governmental." It's formed through extensive prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
ан-ти-пра-ви-тель-ствен-ную
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: анти- (anti-) - Greek origin, denotes negation or opposition.
- Root: прав- (prav-) - Slavic origin, meaning "right," "true," or "govern."
- Suffixes: -итель- (-itel-) - Slavic origin, forms a noun denoting an agent or someone who performs an action (here, related to governing). -ственн- (-stvenn-) - Slavic origin, forms an adjective meaning "relating to." -ую (-uyu) - Slavic origin, feminine singular nominative/accusative ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: пра-ви-тель-ствен-ную.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɐnʲtʲɪprɐˈvʲɪtʲɪlʲst͡vʲɪnːuju/
6. Syllable Analysis & Rule Application:
- ан- /ɐnʲ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters prevent separation.
- ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- пра- /prɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- ви- /vʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- тель- /ˈtʲɪlʲ/ - Open syllable, stressed. Rule: Stress influences syllable prominence.
- ствен- /st͡vʲɪnː/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster (st͡v) allows for syllable closure. Gemination of /n/ due to the following suffix.
- ную /nːuju/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster (n) allows for syllable closure.
7. Edge Case Review:
The gemination of /n/ in "ствен-ную" is a common phenomenon in Russian when a nasal consonant precedes a suffix beginning with a vowel.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., if used attributively or predicatively).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: антиправительственную
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- "Relating to opposition to the government."
- "Anti-governmental."
- Translation: Anti-governmental
- Synonyms: оппозиционную (oppozitsionnuyu - oppositional), революционную (revolyutsionnuyu - revolutionary)
- Antonyms: правительственную (pravitel'stvennuyu - governmental)
- Examples:
- "Антиправительственную деятельность" (Anti-governmental activity)
- "Она выразила антиправительственную позицию." (She expressed an anti-governmental position.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- неправительственную (nepravitel'stvennuyu - non-governmental): не-пра-ви-тель-ствен-ную. Similar structure, stress on "тель".
- правительственная (pravitel'stvennaya - governmental): пра-ви-тель-ствен-ная. Similar structure, stress on "тель".
- контрразведывательную (kontrrazvedyvatel'nuyu - counterintelligence): контр-раз-ве-ды-ва-тель-ную. More complex prefixation, but similar syllable structure with stress on the penultimate syllable before the final suffix.
The consistency in syllable division across these words demonstrates the application of the same core rules: vowel-centered syllables, consonant cluster allowance, and stress-based prominence. The differences arise from the varying prefixes and suffixes.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.