Hyphenation ofвысоконравственными
Syllable Division:
вы-со-ко-нрав-ствен-ны-ми
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/vɨsɐkɐˈnravstvʲɪnːɨmʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0010000
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('нра́').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, no stress.
Open syllable, no stress.
Open syllable, no stress.
Closed syllable, no stress.
Closed syllable, no stress, palatalization.
Open syllable, no stress, gemination.
Closed syllable, no stress, palatalization.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: выс-
Old Slavic origin, intensifying prefix.
Root: мор-
Proto-Slavic origin, related to morality.
Suffix: -н-
Participial suffix.
Highly moral
Translation: Highly moral
Examples:
"Они были людьми высоконравственными."
"Его поступки были высоконравственными."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'выс-' prefix and similar syllable structure.
Shares the 'нрав-' root and similar suffix structure.
Shares the '-ными' suffix and similar stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are generally broken before vowels.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before certain vowels.
Gemination of 'н' due to morphological process.
Summary:
The word 'высоконравственными' is syllabified into seven syllables based on vowel nuclei and consonant cluster resolution. It's an adjective meaning 'highly moral,' formed with the prefix 'выс-', root 'мор-', and suffixes '-н-' and '-ыми'. The stress falls on the third syllable. Syllable structure is consistent with other similar Russian words.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "высоконравственными" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "высоконравственными" is a Russian adjective meaning "highly moral" or "highly ethical." It's a relatively complex word, formed through prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: "выс-" (vys-) - Old Slavic origin, meaning "high," "superior," or "very." Functions to intensify the quality described by the root.
- Root: "мор-" (mor-) - From Proto-Slavic *morъ, meaning "morality," "ethics," related to the concept of "manner" or "behavior."
- Suffix: "-н-" (-n-) - A participial suffix, forming a passive adjective.
- Suffix: "-ыми" (-ymi) - Indicates plural, instrumental case.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: вы-со-ко-нра́-вствен-ны-ми.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/vɨsɐkɐˈnravstvʲɪnːɨmʲɪ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- выс- /vɨs/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
- ко- /sɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before vowels. Potential exception: The 'с' sound can sometimes be palatalized before 'о' depending on dialect.
- на- /nɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
- рав- /rɐv/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables can end in consonants. No exceptions.
- ствен- /stvʲɪn/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables can end in consonants. Palatalization of 'т' due to the following 'е'.
- ны- /nːɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Gemination of 'н' due to morphological process.
- ми /mʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables can end in consonants. Palatalization of 'м' due to the following 'и'.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally avoids leaving a single consonant at the beginning of a syllable unless it's part of a consonant cluster. This rule is followed here. Vowel reduction is a significant factor in pronunciation, but doesn't directly affect the written syllable division.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: высоконравственными
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- "Highly moral"
- "Highly ethical"
- Translation: "Highly moral/ethical"
- Synonyms: благородными (blagorodnymi - noble), добродетельными (dobrodetel'nymi - virtuous)
- Antonyms: аморальными (amoral'nymi - immoral), безнравственными (beznravstvennymi - unethical)
- Examples:
- "Они были людьми высоконравственными." (Oni byli lyud'mi vysokonravstvennymi.) - "They were highly moral people."
- "Его поступки были высоконравственными." (Ego postupki byli vysokonravstvennymi.) - "His actions were highly ethical."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- высокий (vysokiy) - "high": вы-со-кий /vɨˈsokʲɪj/ - Similar syllable structure, stress on the second syllable.
- нравственный (nravstvennyy) - "moral": нрав-ствен-ный /nravstvʲɪnːɨj/ - Similar root and suffix structure, stress on the second syllable.
- безопасными (bezopasnymi) - "safe": бе-зо-пас-ны-ми /bʲɪzɐˈpasnɨmʲɪ/ - Similar suffix structure (-ными), stress pattern.
The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the varying prefixes and root structures, but the underlying principles of vowel-centered syllables and consonant cluster resolution remain consistent.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.