Hyphenation ofдизель-электрический
Syllable Division:
ди-зель-э-лек-три-че-ский
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪˈzʲelʲɪlʲɪkˈtrʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0010001
Primary stress falls on the third syllable: э-лек-три-че-ский.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Closed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix:
Root: дизель, электр-
Diesel (German origin), elektr- (Greek origin)
Suffix: -ическ-
Adjective forming suffix
Relating to or using both a diesel engine and electricity.
Translation: Diesel-electric
Examples:
"дизель-электрический локомотив"
"дизель-электрическая подлодка"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar alternating consonant-vowel syllable structure.
Borrowed word with similar vowel-based syllable division.
Compound word with comparable syllable division patterns.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Boundary Rule
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Syllable division occurs after a consonant if it cannot combine with the following vowel.
Single Vowel Rule
A single vowel constitutes a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants influencing vowel quality.
Summary:
The word 'дизель-электрический' is a compound adjective syllabified based on vowel boundaries and consonant clusters. The primary stress falls on the third syllable. It's composed of a borrowed root 'дизель' and a suffix-modified root 'электрический'.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "дизель-электрический" (diesel-electric)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "дизель-электрический" (diesel-electric) is a compound adjective in Russian. It combines the borrowed word "дизель" (diesel) with elements relating to electricity. Pronunciation follows standard Russian phonological rules, with vowel reduction in unstressed syllables being a key feature.
2. Syllable Division:
ди-зель-э-лек-три-че-ский
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- дизель (diesel): Borrowed from German "Diesel," ultimately from Rudolf Diesel's name. Functions as the first part of a compound word.
- электрический (electric): Derived from "электричество" (electricity).
- электр- (elektr-): Root, from Greek "ἤλεκτρον" (electron).
- -ическ- (-ichesk-): Suffix, forming an adjective.
- -ий (-iy): Grammatical ending indicating masculine singular nominative/accusative or neuter singular nominative/accusative.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: э-лек-три-че-ский.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪˈzʲelʲɪlʲɪkˈtrʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- ди (/dʲɪ/): Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. Potential exception: The palatalization of 'д' influences the vowel quality.
- зель (/zʲelʲ/): Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs after a consonant if it cannot combine with the following vowel.
- э (/ɪ/): Open syllable. Rule: Single vowel constitutes a syllable. Vowel reduction applies here.
- лек (/lʲek/): Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs after a consonant.
- три (/trʲi/): Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- че (/t͡ɕe/): Open syllable. Rule: Single vowel constitutes a syllable.
- ский (/skʲɪj/): Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division after a consonant.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for some flexibility in compound word syllabification, but the above division is the most common and phonologically justifiable. The palatalization of consonants before vowels influences the vowel quality and can sometimes lead to subtle variations in pronunciation.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- дизель-электрический (diesel-electric):
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Relating to or using both a diesel engine and electricity.
- Translation: Diesel-electric
- Synonyms: None readily available, as it's a specific technical term.
- Antonyms: Бензиновый (benzino-vyy - gasoline-powered), электрический (electric)
- Examples:
- "дизель-электрический локомотив" (diesel-electric locomotive)
- "дизель-электрическая подлодка" (diesel-electric submarine)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- телевизор (televizor): те-ле-ви-зор. Similar syllable structure with alternating consonant-vowel patterns.
- компьютер (komp'yuter): ком-пью-тер. Borrowed word, similar syllable division based on vowel boundaries.
- автомобиль (avtomobil'): ав-то-мо-биль. Another compound word with a similar pattern of syllable division. The presence of a soft sign (ь) affects the preceding consonant's pronunciation but doesn't alter the syllabification rules.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.