Hyphenation ofнедоброкачественными
Syllable Division:
не-доб-ро-ка-че-ст-вен-ны-ми
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/nʲɪˈd̪ob̪rɐˈkæt͡ɕɪstvʲɪnːɨmʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000010000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('че' in 'качественными').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open, stressed syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster.
Open syllable, geminated 'н'.
Open syllable, geminated 'н'.
Open syllable, palatalized 'м'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: не-
Proto-Slavic origin, negation.
Root: доброкачеств-
Combination of 'добро' (good) and 'качеств' (quality).
Suffix: -ыми
Slavic origin, plural instrumental/prepositional case ending.
malignant, poor quality, substandard
Translation: malignant, poor quality, substandard
Examples:
"Недоброкачественными продуктами нельзя торговать."
"Опухоль оказалась недоброкачественными."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure and vowel-consonant alternation.
Shares the '-вен-ны-ми' suffix, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Demonstrates consistent prefix separation.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Boundary
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel.
Consonant Cluster Maintenance
Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless easily separable.
Suffixation
Suffixes are generally treated as separate syllables or integrated into the preceding syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Gemination of 'н' in the '-енн-' suffix.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before 'е' and 'и'.
Summary:
The word 'недоброкачественными' is a complex Russian adjective syllabified into nine syllables based on vowel boundaries and consonant cluster rules. It features a negative prefix, a compound root, and adjectival suffixes. Stress falls on the fifth syllable. The gemination of 'н' and vowel reduction are key phonetic features.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "недоброкачественными" (nedobrokachestvennymi)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "недоброкачественными" is a Russian adjective meaning "malignant," "poor quality," or "substandard." It's a complex word formed through prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
не-доб-ро-ка-че-ст-вен-ны-ми
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: не- (ne-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Negation.
- Root: доброкачеств- (dobrokachestv-) - Origin: Combination of "добро" (dobro - good) and "качеств" (kachestv - quality). Function: Core meaning related to quality.
- Suffix: -енн- (-enn-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Adjectival suffix, forming passive adjectives.
- Suffix: -ыми (-ymi) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Plural instrumental/prepositional case ending for adjectives.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ка-че-ст-вен-ны-ми.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/nʲɪˈd̪ob̪rɐˈkæt͡ɕɪstvʲɪnːɨmʲɪ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, including IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- не- /nʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. Exception: Palatalization of 'н' before 'е'.
- доб- /d̪ob/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ро- /rɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ка- /kæt͡ɕ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- че- /t͡ɕɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. This syllable carries the stress.
- ст- /st/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless they are easily separable.
- вен- /vʲɪnː/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Gemination of 'н' due to the suffix.
- ны- /nːɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ми- /mʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'м' due to the case ending.
7. Edge Case Review:
The gemination of 'н' in "вен-" is a common occurrence with the "-енн-" suffix. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation, affecting the quality of vowels like 'о' and 'е'.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence (e.g., modifying a noun).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: недоброкачественными (nedobrokachestvennymi)
- Translation: malignant, poor quality, substandard
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: низкокачественными (nizkokachestvennymi - low quality), дефектными (defektnymi - defective)
- Antonyms: доброкачественными (dobrokachestvennymi - benign, high quality)
- Examples:
- "Недоброкачественными продуктами нельзя торговать." (Nedobrokachestvennymi produktami nel'zya torgovat'.) - "One cannot trade in substandard products."
- "Опухоль оказалась недоброкачественными." (Opukhol' okazalas' nedobrokachestvennymi.) - "The tumor turned out to be malignant."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, slight regional variations in vowel reduction might occur. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- добросовестными (dobrosovestnymi): "доб-ро-со-вест-ны-ми" - Similar syllable structure, with vowel-consonant alternation. Stress falls on "вест".
- качественными (kachestvennymi): "ка-че-ст-вен-ны-ми" - Shares the "-вен-ны-ми" suffix, demonstrating consistent syllabification. Stress falls on "че".
- неопределенными (neopredelyonnymi): "не-о-пре-де-лен-ны-ми" - Demonstrates how prefixes are consistently separated into their own syllables. Stress falls on "де".
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.