Hyphenation ofпроэкзаменовавшимися

Linguistic Analysis of "проэкзаменовавшимися" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "проэкзаменовавшимися" is a complex verbal adjective (participle) formed from the verb "экзаменовать" (to examine). Its pronunciation is challenging due to the cluster of consonants and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

про-ек-за-ме-но-вав-ши-ми-ся

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: про- (Old Slavic) - Indicates completion or thoroughness.
• Root: экзамен- (from Latin examen via German/French) - "examination".
• Suffixes: -ова- (Russian) - Infinitive suffix, forming the verb stem. -вш- (Russian) - Past active participle suffix. -и- (Russian) - Connective vowel. -м- (Russian) - Gender/Number marker for masculine plural. -ся (Russian) - Reflexive/Passive particle.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: про-ек-за-ме-но-вав-ши-ми-ся.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prəˌɛk͡zɐmʲɪˈnovɐvʂɨmʲɪsʲə/

6. Syllable Analysis & Rule Application:

• про- /prə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters break the syllable.
• ек- /ɛk/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant following a vowel forms a closed syllable.
• за- /zɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
• ме- /mʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Palatalization of 'м' due to following 'е'.
• но- /no/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
• вав- /vɐv/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
• ши- /ʂɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
• ми- /mʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Palatalization of 'м' due to following 'и'.
• ся /sʲə/ - Open syllable. Palatalization of 'с' due to following 'я'.

7. Edge Case Review & Exceptions:

The cluster of consonants in the root "экзамен" is typical for loanwords in Russian. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation. The suffix "-вши-" can sometimes be simplified in colloquial speech, but the standard form is maintained here.

8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:

The word is a passive participle, functioning as an adjective. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical role within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Part of Speech: Adjective (Participle)
• Definitions:
  • "Having been examined."
  • "Those who have been examined."
• Translation: "Having been examined" / "Those who have been examined"
• Synonyms: испытанные (ispytannye - tested), проверенные (proverennye - verified)
• Antonyms: неиспытанные (neispytannye - untested)
• Examples: "Проэкзаменовавшимися студентами были довольны." (The students who had been examined were satisfied.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but the core syllabification remains consistent. Some speakers might slightly reduce the vowel in "но", but it won't alter the syllable structure.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• экзаменатор (ekzaminator - examiner): эк-за-ме-на-тор. Similar syllable structure, with the root "экзамен" divided consistently.
• экзамен (ekzamen - exam): ек-за-мен. The root is divided identically.
• проверявший (proveryavshiy - checking): про-ве-ряв-ший. Similar prefix "про-" and past participle suffix "-вший". The vowel reduction patterns are comparable.