Hyphenation ofстрогально-фуговальный
Syllable Division:
стро-галь-но-фу-го-валь-ный
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈstroɡɐlʲnə fʊɡɐˈvalʲnɨj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0001011
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable 'ва́ль' (val').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Open syllable, initial syllable of the second root.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant, stressed syllable.
Closed syllable, final syllable, adjective ending.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: строгаль-
Derived from 'строгать' (to plane), Proto-Slavic origin, denotes the action of planing.
Root: фуговаль-
Derived from 'фуговать' (to joint), French origin ('fuguer'), denotes the action of jointing.
Suffix: -ый
Slavic origin, forms a passive adjective.
Relating to or used for both planing and jointing surfaces.
Translation: Planing-jointing, surface-planing and jointing
Examples:
"строгально-фуговальный станок (strogal'no-fugoval'nyy stanok) - planing-jointing machine"
"строгально-фуговальная обработка (strogal'no-fugoval'naya obrabotka) - planing-jointing process"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar suffix structure and syllable division pattern.
Similar suffix and consonant clusters.
Complex structure with a borrowed root and similar suffix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Based Division
Syllables are generally formed around vowels.
Consonant Cluster Division
Consonant clusters are split based on sonority.
Linking Vowels/Suffixes
Linking vowels/suffixes form separate syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The compound nature of the word and the presence of borrowed roots require careful consideration, but the standard syllabification rules apply consistently.
Summary:
The word 'строгально-фуговальный' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'planing-jointing'. It's divided into seven syllables based on vowel sounds and consonant clusters, with the primary stress on the penultimate syllable. It's formed from a prefix, two roots (one native Slavic, one borrowed from French), and a suffix.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "строгально-фуговальный" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "строгально-фуговальный" (strogal'no-fugoval'nyy) is a complex adjective meaning "planing-jointing" or "surface-planing and jointing". It's a technical term used in woodworking and metalworking. Pronunciation involves a mix of stressed and unstressed vowels, palatalization of consonants, and potential vowel reduction in unstressed positions.
2. Syllable Division:
стро-галь-но-фу-го-валь-ный
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- строгаль- (strogal') - Prefix derived from "строгать" (strogat') - to plane, to smooth. Origin: Proto-Slavic *stragti. Morphological function: Denotes the action of planing.
- -н- (-n-) - Linking vowel/suffix. Origin: Slavic. Morphological function: Connects the prefix to the root.
- фуговаль- (fugoval') - Root derived from "фуговать" (fugovat') - to joint, to surface plane. Origin: French "fuguer" (to plane). Morphological function: Denotes the action of jointing.
- -н- (-n-) - Linking vowel/suffix. Origin: Slavic. Morphological function: Connects the root to the suffix.
- -ый (-yy) - Suffix. Origin: Slavic. Morphological function: Forms a passive adjective.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: фу-го-ва́ль-ный.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈstroɡɐlʲnə fʊɡɐˈvalʲnɨj/
6. Edge Case Review:
The hyphenated structure presents a slight edge case, as it's a compound adjective. However, the syllabification rules still apply consistently to each component. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of Russian pronunciation and affects the phonetic realization but not the orthographic syllabification.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its use in a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to or used for both planing and jointing surfaces.
- Translation: Planing-jointing, surface-planing and jointing.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: (rarely used due to the technical nature) - ровный, гладкий (rovnyy, gladkiy - smooth, even) in a broader sense.
- Antonyms: шероховатый (sherokhovatyy - rough)
- Examples:
- "строгально-фуговальный станок" (strogal'no-fugoval'nyy stanok) - planing-jointing machine.
- "строгально-фуговальная обработка" (strogal'no-fugoval'naya obrabotka) - planing-jointing process.
9. Phonological Comparison:
- машина́льный (mashinal'nyy) - /məʃɪˈnalʲnɨj/ - Syllables: ма-ши-на́ль-ный. Similar syllable structure with a suffix.
- тока́рный (tokar'nyy) - /tɐˈkarnɨj/ - Syllables: то-ка́р-ный. Similar suffix and consonant clusters.
- фрезерова́льный (frezeroval'nyy) - /frʲɪzʲɪrɐˈvalʲnɨj/ - Syllables: фре-зе-ро-ва́ль-ный. Similar complex structure with a borrowed root.
The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the varying consonant clusters and vowel sequences within each word. The core principle of dividing syllables around vowels remains consistent.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Vowel-Based Division: Syllables are generally formed around vowels. (Applied to all syllables)
- Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Division: Consonant clusters are split based on sonority, with less sonorous consonants tending to join the following syllable. (Applied between "стро" and "галь", "фу" and "го")
- Rule 3: Linking Vowels/Suffixes: Linking vowels/suffixes form separate syllables. (Applied to "-но-")
11. Special Considerations:
The compound nature of the word and the presence of borrowed roots (фуговать) require careful consideration. However, the standard syllabification rules apply consistently.
12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on the dialect, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.