Hyphenation ofдоброжелательностью

Linguistic Analysis of "доброжелательностью" (dobrozhеlatel'nost'yu)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "доброжелательностью" (dobrozhеlatel'nost'yu) is a noun in Russian, meaning "with kindness" or "with benevolence." It's a relatively long word formed through extensive derivation. Pronunciation involves palatalization of consonants before 'e' and 'i', and a reduction of unstressed vowels.

2. Syllable Division:

до-бро-же-ла-тель-но-стью (dob-ro-zhe-la-tel'-no-st'yu)

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: до- (do-) - Old Slavic, prefix indicating "to" or "up to," often implying completion or reaching a certain state.
• Root: -жел- (-zhel-) - Proto-Slavic *žělti, related to "yellow" but evolved to signify a positive emotional state, "to wish well."
• Suffixes:
  • -а- (-a-) - A common suffix forming adjectives from roots.
  • -тель- (-tel') - Suffix denoting an agent or someone who performs an action, forming a noun.
  • -но- (-no-) - Suffix forming adjectives.
  • -сть (-st') - Abstract noun suffix, indicating a quality or state.
  • -ю (-yu) - Dative/Instrumental case ending.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the syllable -тель- (-tel'). до-бро-же-ла-тель-но-стью.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dɐˈbroʐɨlʲætʲɪlʲnəsʲtʲju/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets, but vowel clusters can sometimes lead to ambiguity. In this case, the 'же' (zhe) is treated as a single phoneme and thus forms a syllable on its own.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily a noun. The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence (e.g., as a subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase).

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: доброжелательность (dobrozhеlatel'nost')
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Definitions:
  • "Kindness"
  • "Benevolence"
  • "Goodwill"
• Translation: Kindness, benevolence, goodwill
• Synonyms: отзывчивость (otzyvchivost') - responsiveness, участие (uchastie) - participation, доброта (dobrota) - kindness
• Antonyms: злобность (zlobnost') - malice, враждебность (vrazhdebnost') - hostility
• Examples:
  • "Он проявил большую доброжелательность." (On proyavil bol'shuyu dobrozhelatel'nost'.) - "He showed great kindness."
  • "Её доброжелательность располагала к себе." (Yeyo dobrozhelatel'nost' raspolagala k sebe.) - "Her kindness was endearing."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• красота (krasota) - "beauty" - кра-со-та (kra-so-ta) - Similar vowel structure and consonant clusters. Stress falls on the final syllable.
• ответственность (otvetstvennost') - "responsibility" - от-вет-ствен-ность (ot-vet-stven-nost') - Similar length and complex suffixation. Stress falls on the third syllable.
• постепенность (postepenost') - "graduality" - по-сте-пен-ность (po-ste-pen-nost') - Similar consonant clusters and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. Stress falls on the third syllable.

The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the specific consonant and vowel sequences within each word, and the placement of the stress. Russian stress is unpredictable and influences vowel reduction, impacting the perceived syllable boundaries.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Consonants are grouped to maximize the sonority peak within a syllable.
• Rule 2: Vowel as Syllable Nucleus: Each syllable must contain a vowel (or a sonorant acting as a vowel).
• Rule 3: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up according to phonotactic constraints, favoring onsets over codas.
• Rule 4: Morphological Boundaries: Syllable boundaries often align with morpheme boundaries, but this is not always the case.

11. Special Considerations:

The palatalization of consonants before 'e' and 'i' influences the phonetic realization of the syllables but doesn't directly affect the orthographic syllable division. The soft sign (ь) indicates palatalization and is part of the preceding syllable.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or consonant articulation. However, these variations generally do not alter the syllable division.

13. Short Analysis:

"доброжелательностью" is a complex Russian noun meaning "kindness." It's divided into seven syllables: до-бро-же-ла-тель-но-стью, with stress on -тель-. The word is built from the prefix "до-", the root "-жел-", and a series of suffixes indicating agency and abstract quality. Its phonetic transcription is /dɐˈbroʐɨlʲætʲɪlʲnəsʲtʲju/. Syllabification follows the sonority sequencing principle and vowel-nucleus rule.