Hyphenation ofлитературно-критический
Syllable Division:
ли-те-ра-тур-но-кри-ти-че-ский
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/lʲɪtʲɪrɐˈturnə krʲɪˈtʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000100001
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('тур') and the penultimate syllable ('ти').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, stressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: литературно-
Derived from 'литература' (literature), Latin origin.
Root: критическ-
Derived from 'критика' (criticism), Greek origin.
Suffix: -ий
Adjectival ending, masculine singular nominative.
Relating to or characteristic of literary criticism; pertaining to both literature and critical analysis.
Translation: Literary-critical
Examples:
"литературно-критический анализ"
"литературно-критическая статья"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.
Compound structure and stress pattern.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Syllables tend to end in vowels whenever possible.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken up to create open syllables.
Morpheme Boundaries
Syllable division often respects morpheme boundaries.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The hyphenated structure requires independent syllabification of each part before considering the hyphen.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation and affects syllable realization.
Summary:
The word 'литературно-критический' is a compound adjective syllabified according to the open syllable principle and morpheme boundaries. Stress falls on the 'тур' and 'ти' syllables. It's derived from Latin and Greek roots and describes something related to literary criticism.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "литературно-критический" (literaturno-kriticheskiy)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "литературно-критический" is an adjective meaning "literary-critical" in Russian. It's a compound adjective formed from two bases. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering consonant clusters, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- литературно- (literaturno-): Prefix/Base, derived from "литература" (literature), ultimately from Latin littera (letter). Functions as a formative element indicating relation to literature.
- критическ- (kritichesk-): Root, derived from "критика" (criticism), ultimately from Greek krisis (judgment). Indicates the core meaning of 'critical'.
- -ий (-iy): Suffix, adjectival ending, masculine singular nominative.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: ли-те-ра-тур-но-кри-ти-че-ский.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/lʲɪtʲɪrɐˈturnə krʲɪˈtʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
6. Edge Case Review:
The hyphenated structure presents a slight edge case. Each part is syllabified independently before the hyphen is considered. The consonant cluster /st/ in "критический" is a common occurrence and is resolved by forming a closed syllable.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., modifying a noun).
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to or characteristic of literary criticism; pertaining to both literature and critical analysis.
- Translation: Literary-critical
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Synonyms: литературно-аналитический (literaturno-analiticheskiy - literary-analytical), книжно-критический (knizhno-kriticheskiy - book-critical)
- Antonyms: популярный (populyarnyy - popular), развлекательный (razvlekatel'nyy - entertaining)
- Examples:
- "литературно-критический анализ" (literaturno-kriticheskiy analiz) - literary-critical analysis
- "литературно-критическая статья" (literaturno-kriticheskaya stat'ya) - literary-critical article
9. Phonological Comparison:
- университетский (universitetskiy - university): у-ни-ве-рси-те́т-ский. Similar syllable structure with multiple unstressed syllables and a stressed syllable towards the end.
- политехнический (politekhnicheskiy - polytechnical): по-ли-тех-ни́-че-ский. Similar compound structure and stress pattern.
- общественный (obshchestvennyy - public): об-ще-стве́н-ный. Demonstrates vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, similar to "литературно-критический".
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel quality or the degree of vowel reduction. However, these variations generally do not affect the syllable division.
11. Division Rules:
- Open Syllable Principle: Syllables tend to end in vowels.
- Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up in a way that maximizes the number of open syllables.
- Morphological Boundaries: Morpheme boundaries are often respected in syllable division, especially with prefixes and suffixes.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.