Hyphenation ofнеправительственными
Syllable Division:
не-пра-ви-тель-стве-нны-ми
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/nʲɪprɐˈvʲitʲɪlʲstvʲɪnːɨmʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000100
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: -стве-.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalization of 'в' before 'и'.
Open syllable, palatalization of 'т' before 'е'.
Stressed syllable.
Closed syllable, long consonant due to double 'н'.
Open syllable, palatalization of 'м' before 'и'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: не-
Proto-Slavic origin, negation.
Root: прав-
Proto-Slavic origin, related to 'truth' or 'rule'.
Suffix: -итель-ств-енн-ыми
Slavic origins, forming adjective from root, adding abstract quality and plural case ending.
Relating to organizations or initiatives that are not part of the government.
Translation: Non-governmental
Examples:
"Неправительственные организации играют важную роль в обществе."
"Неправительственными инициативами часто занимаются волонтеры."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'прав-' and similar suffix structure.
Similar suffix structure (-енн-ыми).
Demonstrates the same pattern of syllable division before the -ыми ending.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus Rule
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Each syllable contains one vowel sound.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Consonant clusters are generally broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows.
Palatalization Rule
Consonants are palatalized before vowels 'е' and 'и'.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The double 'н' in 'нны' can be ambiguous, but the consonant cluster rule applies.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of Russian pronunciation, but does not affect syllable division.
Summary:
The word 'неправительственными' is divided into seven syllables based on vowel nuclei and consonant cluster rules. It's a complex adjective formed with prefixes and suffixes, with stress on the fifth syllable. The phonetic transcription reflects palatalization and vowel reduction typical of Russian pronunciation.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "неправительственными" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "неправительственными" (nepravitel'stvennymi) is a complex adjective meaning "non-governmental." It's formed through a series of prefixes and suffixes attached to a root. Pronunciation involves palatalization of consonants before 'e' and 'и', and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
не-пра-ви-тель-стве-нны-ми
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: не- (ne-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Negation.
- Root: -прав- (-prav-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic, related to "правда" (truth). Function: Core meaning related to "right," "correct," or "rule."
- Suffix 1: -итель- (-itel'-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms a noun or adjective denoting agency or relation to the root.
- Suffix 2: -ств- (-stv-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms abstract nouns or adjectives.
- Suffix 3: -енн- (-enn-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Adjectival suffix, often indicating passive voice or quality.
- Suffix 4: -ыми (-ymi) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Plural instrumental/prepositional case ending for adjectives.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: не-пра-ви-тель-стве-нны-ми.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/nʲɪprɐˈvʲitʲɪlʲstvʲɪnːɨmʲɪ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- не- /nʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters prevent division.
- пра- /prɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- ви- /vʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Palatalization of 'в' before 'и'.
- тель- /tʲɪlʲ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Palatalization of 'т' before 'е'.
- стве- /ˈstvʲɪ/ - Stressed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- нны- /nːɨ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows. The double 'н' creates a long consonant sound.
- ми- /mʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Palatalization of 'м' before 'и'.
7. Edge Case Review:
The double 'н' in 'нны' is a common feature in Russian adjectives and can sometimes lead to ambiguity in syllable division for learners. However, the rule of breaking consonant clusters after the first consonant applies here.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence (e.g., modifying a noun).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: неправительственными (nepravitel'stvennymi)
- Translation: Non-governmental
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: общественными (obshchestvennymi - public), частными (chastnymi - private)
- Antonyms: государственными (gosudarstvennymi - governmental)
- Examples:
- "Неправительственные организации" (Nepravitel'stvennye organizatsii) - Non-governmental organizations.
- "Неправительственными инициативами" (Nepravitel'stvennymi initsiativami) - Non-governmental initiatives.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- правительство (pravitel'stvo) - government: пра-ви-тель-ство. Similar syllable structure, demonstrating the consistent application of vowel-centered syllable formation.
- ответственными (otvetstvennymi) - responsible: от-вет-ствен-ны-ми. Similar suffix structure (-енн-ыми), showing consistent syllable division around these suffixes.
- активными (aktivnymi) - active: ак-тив-ны-ми. Demonstrates the same pattern of syllable division before the -ыми ending.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.