Hyphenation ofобъектно-ориентированный
Syllable Division:
об-ъект-но-о-ри-ен-ти-ро-ва-нный
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɐˈbʲɛktnə ɐrʲɪnˈtʲirəvənːɨj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000101011
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable 'ва' (ва́).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset 'о', rime 'б'
Open syllable, onset 'ъе', rime 'кт'
Open syllable, onset 'н', rime 'о', unstressed vowel
Single vowel syllable, unstressed vowel
Open syllable, onset 'р', rime 'и', palatalization
Open syllable, onset 'е', rime 'н', stressed syllable
Open syllable, onset 'т', rime 'и', palatalization
Open syllable, onset 'р', rime 'о', unstressed vowel
Open syllable, onset 'в', rime 'а', unstressed vowel
Open syllable, onset 'н', rime 'ный', geminate consonant
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: объектно-
Derived from 'объект' (object), Latin origin, indicates relation to an object.
Root: ориентирован-
Derived from 'ориентировать' (to orient), Latin origin, indicates the action of orienting.
Suffix: -ный
Adjectival passive participle suffix, indicates a state or quality.
Relating to or based on the principles of object-oriented programming.
Translation: Object-oriented
Examples:
"объектно-ориентированное программирование"
"объектно-ориентированный подход"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters.
Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
Similar syllable structure with vowel reduction and consonant clusters.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Hierarchy
Syllables are formed based on the sonority of sounds, with more sonorous sounds (vowels) forming the nucleus.
Avoidance of Single-Letter Syllables
Russian avoids syllables consisting of a single consonant.
Hard Sign Separation
The hard sign (ъ) separates prefixes from roots and prevents palatalization, but does not form a syllable itself.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Geminate consonant 'н' due to morphological processes.
The hard sign (ъ) does not form a syllable on its own.
Summary:
The word 'объектно-ориентированный' is a complex adjective with ten syllables, divided according to Russian phonological rules prioritizing sonority and avoiding single-letter syllables. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word is morphologically complex, consisting of a prefix, root, and suffix, all with traceable origins. Vowel reduction and the presence of a hard sign are key features of its pronunciation and syllabification.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "объектно-ориентированный" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "объектно-ориентированный" (ob'yektno-orientirovannyy) is a complex adjective meaning "object-oriented". It's a relatively modern borrowing and adaptation into Russian, heavily influenced by computer science terminology. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority hierarchy and avoidance of single-letter syllables, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- объектно- (ob'yektno-): Prefix derived from "объект" (ob'yekt - object), borrowed from Latin objectum. Functions to indicate relation to the concept of an object.
- ориентирован- (orientirovan-): Root derived from "ориентировать" (orientirovat' - to orient), ultimately from Latin orientare. Indicates the action of orienting or directing.
- -ный (-nyy): Suffix, adjectival passive participle suffix, indicating a state or quality resulting from the action of the root.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: о-ри-ен-ти-ро-ва́н-ный.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɐˈbʲɛktnə ɐrʲɪnˈtʲirəvənːɨj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule(s) Applied | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| об | /ɐb/ | Onset-Rime: 'о' forms the onset, 'б' the rime. Russian allows consonant clusters in onsets. | None |
| ъект | /ʲɛkt/ | Onset-Rime: 'ъ' is a hard sign, separating the prefix from the root and preventing palatalization. 'е' forms the onset, 'кт' the rime. | The hard sign doesn't form a syllable on its own. |
| но | /nə/ | Onset-Rime: 'н' forms the onset, 'о' the rime. | Vowel reduction in unstressed syllable. |
| о | /ɐ/ | Single vowel syllable. | Vowel reduction in unstressed syllable. |
| ри | /rʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'р' forms the onset, 'и' the rime. Palatalization of 'р' due to following 'и'. | None |
| ен | /nˈtʲ/ | Onset-Rime: 'е' forms the onset, 'н' the rime. Palatalization of 'н' due to stress on the following syllable. | None |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' forms the onset, 'и' the rime. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'. | None |
| ро | /rə/ | Onset-Rime: 'р' forms the onset, 'о' the rime. | Vowel reduction in unstressed syllable. |
| ва | /vɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'в' forms the onset, 'а' the rime. | Vowel reduction in unstressed syllable. |
| нный | /nːɨj/ | Onset-Rime: 'н' forms the onset, 'ный' the rime. Geminate consonant 'н'. | The 'н' is lengthened due to the suffix. |
7. Edge Case Review:
The hard sign (ъ) doesn't create a syllable on its own; it functions as a separator. Vowel reduction is a significant factor in Russian pronunciation, affecting the quality of unstressed vowels. The geminate 'н' in the final syllable is a result of morphological processes.
8. Grammatical Role:
As an adjective, the stress pattern remains consistent. If used as part of a compound noun, the stress might shift depending on the overall structure.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- объектно-ориентированный (ob'yektno-orientirovannyy)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- "Object-oriented" - relating to or based on the principles of object-oriented programming.
- Translation: Object-oriented
- Synonyms: (in context) структурированный (strukturirovannyy - structured), программный (programmnyy - programmatic)
- Antonyms: процедурный (protsedurnyy - procedural)
- Examples: "объектно-ориентированное программирование" (ob'yektno-orientirovannoye programmirovaniye - object-oriented programming), "объектно-ориентированный подход" (ob'yektno-orientirovannyy podkhod - object-oriented approach)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel reduction might exist, but the core syllable structure remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| компьютер (komp'yuter) | ком-пью-тер | Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters. |
| программист (programmist) | про-грам-мист | Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction. |
| информация (informatsiya) | ин-фор-ма-ци-я | Similar syllable structure with vowel reduction and consonant clusters. |
The syllable division in these words follows the same principles of sonority hierarchy and avoidance of single-letter syllables. The presence of consonant clusters and vowel reduction is consistent across these examples.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.