Hyphenation ofполукомпенсированный
Syllable Division:
по-лу-ком-пен-си-ро-ван-ный
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pɐˈlu kɐmpʲɪnˈsʲirəvənːɨj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
01000000
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: 'ком'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, stressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: полу-
Old Russian origin, meaning 'half' or 'partial'.
Root: компенс-
Borrowed from French 'compenser', ultimately from Latin 'compensare'.
Suffix: -ированн-ый
Suffix forming passive participles and adjectival endings.
Partially compensated; incompletely reimbursed.
Translation: Partially compensated
Examples:
"Полукомпенсированный ущерб"
"Полукомпенсированный отпуск"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'компенс-' root.
Shares the 'компенс-' root and similar suffixation.
Shares the 'полу-' prefix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Based Syllabification
Each vowel generally forms the nucleus of a syllable.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken according to sonority, but some clusters are treated as single units.
Prefix/Suffix Boundaries
Syllable division respects morphemic boundaries.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables affects pronunciation but not orthographic syllable division.
Gemination of /n/ due to the suffix.
Summary:
The word 'полукомпенсированный' is divided into eight syllables based on vowel placement and morphemic boundaries. Stress falls on the third syllable. It's a complex adjective formed through prefixation, root borrowing, and suffixation, meaning 'partially compensated'.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "полукомпенсированный" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "полукомпенсированный" (polukompensirovannyj) is a complex adjective meaning "partially compensated." It's formed through prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel placement and consonant clusters, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: полу- (polu-) - From Old Russian polu, meaning "half," "partial." Function: Indicates partiality or incompleteness.
- Root: компенс- (kompens-) - Borrowed from French compenser (via German or directly from French), ultimately from Latin compensare meaning "to weigh against, balance." Function: Carries the core meaning of "compensation."
- Suffix: -ированн- (-irovann-) - A suffix used to form passive participles of verbs derived from foreign roots. Function: Indicates a passive state or quality.
- Suffix: -ый (-yj) - Adjectival ending, masculine singular nominative. Function: Marks the word as an adjective and indicates gender, number, and case.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: по-лу-ком-пен-си-ро-ван-ный.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pɐˈlu kɐmpʲɪnˈsʲirəvənːɨj/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The cluster мп is generally treated as a single syllable-initial consonant, but the following vowel dictates the syllable boundary.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. While it's derived from a verb (компенсировать - to compensate), its function in a sentence is adjectival. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its role in a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Partially compensated; incompletely reimbursed.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (прилагательное)
- Translation: Partially compensated
- Synonyms: частично компенсированный (chastichno kompensirovannyj), не полностью компенсированный (ne polnost'yu kompensirovannyj)
- Antonyms: полностью компенсированный (polnost'yu kompensirovannyj) - fully compensated
- Examples:
- "Полукомпенсированный ущерб" - "Partially compensated damage."
- "Полукомпенсированный отпуск" - "Partially compensated leave."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- компенсация (kompensatsiya): ко-мпен-са-ци-я - Similar syllable structure, demonstrating the компенс- root. Stress falls on the second syllable.
- компенсировать (kompensirovat'): ком-пен-си-ро-вать - Verb form. Stress on the second syllable. Syllable division is similar, but the verb ending alters the final syllable.
- полукруг (polukrug): по-лу-круг - Demonstrates the полу- prefix. Stress on the second syllable. Simpler syllable structure due to the shorter root.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Vowel-Based Syllabification: Each vowel generally forms the nucleus of a syllable.
- Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken according to sonority, with more sonorous sounds tending to initiate a syllable. However, certain clusters (like мп) are treated as single units.
- Rule 3: Prefix/Suffix Boundaries: Syllable division respects morphemic boundaries, separating prefixes and suffixes.
11. Special Considerations:
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation, but doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division. The long consonant /nː/ in the IPA transcription is due to the gemination caused by the suffix.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.