Hyphenation ofпредводительствующую

Linguistic Analysis of "предводительствующую" (predvoditel'stvuyushchuyu)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "предводительствующую" is a present active participle of the verb "предводительствовать" (predvoditel'stvovat'), meaning "to lead," "to be at the head of." It's a relatively long word, typical of Russian morphology, built through extensive prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a key feature of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

The syllable division, adhering to the rule of maximizing onsets, is as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: пред- (pred-) - From Proto-Slavic predъ, meaning "before," "in front of." Function: Indicates direction or position.
• Root: водитель (voditel') - From води́ть (vodit') "to lead" + су́щий (suschiy) "existing, being". Function: Core meaning of leading.
• Suffix: -ству- (-stvu-) - Derived from the infinitive suffix -ть (-t') and the participial suffix -ущ- (-ushch-). Function: Forms the present active participle.
• Suffix: -ую (-uyu) - Feminine singular present active participle ending. Function: Grammatical gender and number agreement.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: пред-во-ди́-тель-ству-ю-щую.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prʲɪdvɐdʲɪˈtʲelʲstvʊjʊɕːʊjʊ/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

7. Edge Case Review:

The long soft consonant /ɕː/ in the final syllable is a common feature in Russian participles. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a consistent pattern.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is a present active participle, functioning as an adjective modifying a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical role within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: предводительствующую
• Part of Speech: Adjective (Participle)
• Definitions:
  • Translation: Leading, heading, guiding.
  • Synonyms: возглавляющую (vozglavljayushchuyu), руководящую (rukovodjashchuyu)
  • Antonyms: следующую (sleduyushchuyu), ведомую (vedomuyu)
  • Examples: "Предводительствующую роль в экспедиции играл опытный альпинист." (The experienced mountaineer played the leading role in the expedition.)
• Grammatical Category: Feminine singular present active participle.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the syllable division.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• водопроводчик (vodoprovodchik): "plumber" - во-до-про-вод-чик. Similar syllable structure with alternating consonant-vowel patterns.
• ответственность (otvetstvennost'): "responsibility" - от-вет-ствен-ность. Similar complex morphology with prefixes and suffixes.
• благоприятный (blagopriyatnyy): "favorable" - бла-го-при-ят-ный. Similar vowel reduction patterns in unstressed syllables.

The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant clusters and vowel sequences within each word, but the underlying principles of onset maximization and sonority sequencing remain consistent.