Hyphenation ofпротивобактериологическое

Linguistic Analysis of "противобактериологическое" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противобактериологическое" is a complex adjective meaning "antibacterial" or "antibacteriological." It's a relatively long word, heavily reliant on prefixes and suffixes, common in scientific and medical terminology in Russian. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a key feature of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against," "opposed to." Function: Indicates opposition or counteraction.
• Root: бактерио- (bakterio-) - From Greek bakterion, meaning "small stick," referring to bacteria. Function: Denotes the presence or relation to bacteria.
• Suffix: -логический (-logicheskiy) - From Greek logikos, meaning "logical," "relating to study." Function: Forms an adjective indicating a characteristic related to the study of something.
• Suffix: -еск- (-esk-) - A suffix borrowed from French, used to form adjectives. Function: Adds a qualitative or descriptive aspect.
• Suffix: -ое (-oye) - Adjectival ending, indicating neuter gender, nominative/accusative singular. Function: Grammatical gender and case marking.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-бак-те-ри-о-ло-ги-че-ско-е.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prɐˈtʲivəbɐktʲɪrʲɪˈlɔɡʲɪt͡ɕɪskəjə/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally avoids leaving a consonant as the sole element of a syllable. This is adhered to in this word. Vowel reduction is a significant factor, impacting the phonetic realization of unstressed vowels.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word primarily functions as an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: противобактериологическое (protivobakteriologicheskoe)
• Translation: Antibacterial, antibacteriological
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Synonyms: антибактериальный (antibakterial'nyy)
• Antonyms: бактерицидное (bakteritsidnoe - bactericidal)
• Examples:
  • "противобактериологическое средство" (protivobakteriologicheskoe sredstvo) - antibacterial agent
  • "противобактериологическое мыло" (protivobakteriologicheskoe mylo) - antibacterial soap

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, slight variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on regional accents.

11. Phonological Comparison:

These words share the "-логическое" suffix, and the syllabification of this portion remains consistent across all three examples. The differences in initial syllables reflect the different consonant clusters and vowel qualities.