Hyphenation ofпротивоборствовавшими

Linguistic Analysis of "противоборствовавшими" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противоборствовавшими" is a complex verbal adjective (specifically, a past active participle) in Russian. It's formed from the verb "противоборствовать" (to contend, to struggle against). Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (attempting to create CV syllables), and considering sonority hierarchies, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: про- (pro-) - Slavic origin, denotes direction "against", "counter".
• Root: -бор- (-bor-) - Slavic origin, related to "battle", "struggle".
• Suffix: -ство- (-stvo-) - Slavic origin, forms abstract nouns and verbal adjectives, indicating state or action.
• Suffix: -ва- (-va-) - Slavic origin, part of the past active participle formation.
• Suffix: -вши- (-vshi-) - Slavic origin, past participle suffix.
• Suffix: -ми - (-mi) - Slavic origin, plural masculine/neuter past active participle ending.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-бо́р-ство-ва́в-ши-ми.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prətʲɪvəbɐrˈstvəvɐvʂɨmʲɪ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification can be complex due to consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing open syllables is key here. Vowel reduction (akan'ye/okan'ye) also plays a role in pronunciation, but doesn't affect the orthographic syllable division.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is a past active participle, functioning as an adjective modifying a noun. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Having contended, having struggled against.
• Translation: Having opposed, having fought against.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (past active participle)
• Synonyms: противостоявшими (having resisted), боровшимися (having struggled)
• Antonyms: соглашавшимися (having agreed), поддерживавшими (having supported)
• Examples: "Противоборствовавшими силами были подавлены восстания." (The forces having opposed were suppressed the rebellions.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• противостояние (protivostoyaniye): про-ти-во-сто-я́-ни-е. Similar prefix and root structure. Stress falls on the fourth syllable.
• соревнование (sorevnovaniye): со-ре-в-но-ва́-ни-е. Similar suffix structure (-ни-е). Stress falls on the fifth syllable.
• достоинства (dostoinstva): до-сто-и́н-ства. Similar suffix structure (-ства). Stress falls on the third syllable.

The differences in syllable division and stress are due to the varying lengths and structures of the root morphemes and the presence/absence of specific suffixes. The core principle of maximizing open syllables remains consistent.

10. Syllable Analysis & Rules:

Division Rules:

• Open Syllable Principle: Russian favors syllables ending in vowels (CV).
• Sonority Hierarchy: Syllables are formed around sonorant peaks (vowels).
• Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters are broken up to create CV syllables where possible.
• Palatalization: Consonants before 'е', 'ё', 'и', 'ю', 'я' are often palatalized.

Special Considerations:

• Vowel reduction (akan'ye/okan'ye) affects pronunciation but not orthographic syllable division.
• Consonant clusters can be challenging, requiring careful application of the open syllable principle.

Short Analysis:

The word "противоборствовавшими" is a complex Russian past active participle. Its syllable division follows the open syllable principle, breaking down into ten syllables with stress on the sixth syllable. The word's morphemic structure reveals its origins and grammatical function. Phonological comparison with similar words demonstrates consistency in syllable division rules despite variations in root and suffix structures.