Hyphenation ofпротивообщественного
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-об-ще-ств-ен-но-го
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prɐˈtʲɪvɐ ˈɔbɕːɪstʲɪnːəvəɡə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000010000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable (ще).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, long soft consonant.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster.
Closed syllable.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Open syllable, final syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
Proto-Slavic origin, meaning 'against'.
Root: общ-
Proto-Slavic origin, meaning 'common, public'.
Suffix: -ого
Genitive/accusative case ending.
Contrary to the interests of society; anti-social.
Translation: Anti-social
Examples:
"противообщественное поведение"
"противообщественные действия"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'общ-' and similar suffix structure.
Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters.
Demonstrates prefix syllabification.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus Rule
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Consonant clusters are generally broken up by vowels, but common clusters remain intact.
Palatalization Rule
Consonants are palatalized before front vowels.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of Russian pronunciation.
The long soft consonant /ɕː/ in 'ще' is a characteristic feature.
Syllabification can be slightly flexible, but the presented division is the most phonologically justifiable.
Summary:
The word 'противообщественного' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'anti-social'. It is divided into nine syllables, with stress on the fifth syllable. The syllabification follows the vowel nucleus rule, with consonant clusters broken where appropriate. The word's morphemic structure reveals its composition from a prefix, root, and several suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противообщественного" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противообщественного" is a relatively complex adjective in Russian, meaning "anti-social" or "contrary to public interests." Its pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel reductions, typical of the Russian language.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against," "opposite to." Function: Denotes opposition.
- Root: общ- (obshch-) - From Proto-Slavic obščь, meaning "common," "public." Function: Forms the core meaning related to society.
- Suffix: -еств- (-estv-) - A suffix forming abstract nouns and adjectives, often denoting a quality or state. Origin: Slavic. Function: Creates an adjectival form.
- Suffix: -енн- (-enn-) - A passive participle suffix, indicating a state or quality resulting from an action. Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms the passive adjectival form.
- Suffix: -ого (-ogo) - A genitive/accusative ending for masculine/neuter adjectives. Function: Grammatical case marking.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: про-ти-во-об-ще-ствен-ного.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prɐˈtʲɪvɐ ˈɔbɕːɪstʲɪnːəvəɡə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- про /prɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
- ти /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'.
- во /vɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Vowel reduction is expected in unstressed position.
- об /ɔb/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- ще /ɕːɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Long soft consonant.
- ств /stf/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken up by vowels, but 'ств' is a common cluster.
- ен /ɪn/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- но /nɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Vowel reduction is expected in unstressed position.
- го /ɡə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Vowel reduction is expected in unstressed position.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllabification, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the division presented here is the most common and phonologically justifiable. The long soft consonant /ɕː/ in "ще" is a notable feature.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противообщественного
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Definition: Contrary to the interests of society; anti-social.
- Translation: Anti-social, asocial, detrimental to society.
- Synonyms: антисоциальный (antisotsial'nyy), вредный (vrednyy - harmful)
- Antonyms: общественный (obshchestvennyy - social, public), полезный (poleznyy - useful)
- Examples: "противообщественное поведение" (protivoobshchestvennoe povedenie) - anti-social behavior; "противообщественные действия" (protivoobshchestvennye deistviya) - anti-social actions.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or consonant articulation. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- общественный (obshchestvennyy): об-ще-ствен-ный. Similar syllable structure, demonstrating the common pattern of vowel-consonant alternation.
- ответственный (otvetstvennyy): от-вет-ствен-ный. Similar syllable structure, with consonant clusters broken by vowels.
- непростительный (neprostitel'nyy): не-про-сти-тель-ный. Demonstrates how prefixes are syllabified separately.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.